GO
r~
P“VJ. F. Cn.V/3LV
cniciiv.v-.t:..-.; r.eiu noiiAiUiC
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us '..“u::«i/. US.-V UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA .
I J
KOREAN 'tKw
GRAMMATICAL FORMS
AMERICAN
J as. S. Gale
PRESBYTERIAN MISSION NORTH.
TRILINGUAL PRESS
snout.
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PREFACE.
1 offer the following to the Presbyterian Mission as the result of
tny eflbrts in accordance with work set apart for me by the annual meet'
ing of 1892-93.
By way of introduction l tray say that until one has learned the
force of verbal endings anil connectives in Korean, it is an impossibility
to do translation work or even to use the common spoken forms correctly.
Standard enmoun literature is con ined to the translation of the Chi¬
nese classics, and consequently does not include all the expressions in the
spoken language. The only way left therelb'v to arrive at any fixed con¬
clusion regarding these, is to collect all possible varieties front different
parts of the country and compare them. In this endeavour I have em¬
ployed natives from the North, from Seoul ant) from Kiung Sang Do.
and I have received some help front works already published, although
many of the common endings, like ^ ^ C K ^ d ^j" and
c |", seem to have been overlooked by those writing on Korean.
We are obliged to make a distinction between ( - *£f) the verb of ,
action and *$’ the ending denoting condition or character. The for¬
mer, corresponding to the character I have marked ("if) to dis¬
tinguish it from I he latter.
The following list includes samples of all possible verbal forms, .ind
any endings not appearing here can be judged by the rules governing
their particular class.
The sentences at the close have been chosen to illustrate these ver¬
bal forms and to introduce students to Korean custom and superstition,
something necessary, it seems to me. for a correct understanding of the
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
11
people. From I to 300 they are numbered, to facilitate finding the end¬
ings in the list. In this collection of over one thousand sentences I have
found none that do not conform to the rules given. Some of the endings
could not be illustrated except by long paragraphs and those I have been
obliged to omit.
I have added the noun forms as well and a few others that seemed
to associate themselves naturally with the verbal endings.
Hoping that the study of these may prove as useful to others as the
labor connected with it has to myself, I offer it as a step toward reaching a
knowledge of this language. This is intended to supplement rather than
to take the place of other publications on Korean.
Aug. 26th. 1893.
Jas. S, Gale,
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CONTESTS OF SKNTENC 1
CONTENTS Or SENTENCES.
^-*•- - *_._i_
Astronomy.
No’s i-42
Sickness.
553-53.?
Solar Periods anil Seasons. 43-^4
Travelling.
584-606
Days and Times.
85-140
Temples; Graves.
607-650
Location; Situation.
141-161
Metals and Valuables.
651.-658
tleojjraphy.
162-181
Festal Furniture.
639-640
Rivers: Sheets of water.
182-206
Dry Goods.
64 *-6?3
Use of water.
207-229
Colors.
654-661
Boats.
i-5’0-242
] )rcss.
6 62-67S
Ranks; Classes.
243-266
I lead dress; Ornaments.
679-684
Human Relationships.
267-278
Dishes and Implements
685-731
The Human Body.
279-307
Musical Instruments.
732-740
Fowls and Birds.
308-321
I fearing and Seeing.
741-743
•Animals.
3-’-545
Vehicles.
744-756
Fish and Reptiles.
546-368
Games and Plavthinurs.
/ ; 7-/ ;, 4
Insects.
369-3^5 i
I hi 11’shine ills.
Grain.
386-408
Composition.
732-791
Vegetables.
4CX9-432
-Arms.
/'y-’vH
Agriculture.
433-443
Repose.
795-807
Fruit,
444-459
1 landhng.
•808-835
Trees.
460-47 5
The Legs.
354-345
Flowers.
476-486
Conversation.
846-87 r
Crass and Plants.
487-491
V olds.
872-902
Buildings.
492-508
Feelings.
905-920
Cities and Prefectures.
509-519
Actions.
921 -928
Taste and Smell.
5 20-5 23
Shape.
9-9-947
Eating.
524-331
A Variety Co!lection.
948-965
Food.
532-537
Miscellaneous.
966-1051
Trading; Business.
533-557
Duplicate Forms,
1052-1 107
L.
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INDEX OF FORMS.
(-$•) marked so as the radical
° f t *4 <S>
TSfli
7 -
of
84.
i- 4*
IIO.
* 4 s
97 -
f “)
84, 85.86.
f “l 4
8;.
■* “1 -4
84.
■? “1 ®J 4
3&
f 4 3.
6.
■t % *A f 4
110.
T44
118.
t 4 k 4
136.
■H 4
5°.
-$4-4
84.
4 4 U-£
84.
t “1 A 4
84.
f Si "!2 c ^
23*
^ Si 11! £ M 4
23-
t- ^ H! -fr 4 s
23*
4 a 2t> A
4 Si 3- 4
6 7 -
4 Si 4
3 *•
4 SI s 4
3i
4Siv44
18.
T Si £ 4 4
102.
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t Si *1
I 5 *
T Si 4
31 -
• 75 *
4 Si 3 v s! 4
29.
•»
13 *
4 S3 a *& 4 4
54 -
4 si *14:
54 *
t si si 4
54 *
4 Si 29 4 s.
54 *
4 ^ -4 s
99.
T Si 4- tl 4
16.
4 ^ *& M 4
1.11
f si a 4
75 *
i v| A7
73 -
1.1-
4 Si 4 >! 4
29.
4 a *4 c i! 4
59 -
4 Si 4 «l c).
59 .
4 si -g-su -»t
64.
4 Si -t 4 bd 4
64.
130.
4 Si ^*1
98.
4 Si ‘**'9
89.
61.
4 si £
14, 1 7 . 30 .
tsi 4
* 5 *
4 Si 4 4
94 -
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
inpkx of Forms.
f SJ c f 2
■05- T IS! -§ >4 ®1 c f
( o.
^ ■=! <3
** * 7a ■§ *| 7t
> *»
% s — •
*4- f i 4 M c|.
\(i.
t ^ C 1 H 51 7|-
' ~u~ 4 1 *
<>5 .
f ^ M
94 . * 12 -£ 0 | c f
( lU.
*• ^ °1 M ef
59- t in ^ bJ 7f
-r 5 i >a -4
<•*. f "3! •& *1 -4-
zi. VS-.
t - ^ o| E(-
59- ■? "’ll 4 l
- 1 • .3 4-
-rsM
31-
>
30. f 10 c f 3.
llv
97 t - U! c f «+
65 .
f “1 »1 cf
'35- "t" 10 °| e f
60 .
■* 1 A
5.43. f H! 71 JL
21 .
- 2 . ii, 25 ,
39) 43) 431. "H
7**\ <S( **
t"2J
40. ■*■ Tl Vf
OG).
f2| >4
3*. ttl^l
I^l.
■fr-i. 5 ! if
44. ^ tl §
4 1 ■9°-
* -§- v 5! if-
44- * 11
u6*
•$ -§■ V t>| ■=(•
*i| <HI
7V-
-f -S- aj
47 f •a m
79 .
t-S-A-M
4<>. flit
12 S.
f A 2| ») <=(•
4". t **] 5.
127 .
33. f -2.
Xj. S 3 .
t •§: -Ml *\
37- -f 3L ^
S 2 .
T-«l
49. 141. jl jt
» 1.5-
•tuw .
35-
87 .
f tn v *+
35- f 31 *| cj.
IO 9 .
fHIH
35-
f>7*
t"*J -§ V 5! if
34. ~S
1 - 1 *
* H! -§- V »1 <=}
’ 19- t»f
r
1 >
*72 <§ 7-1 s.
4'. 5i. | «n|
;<».
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m
INDEX Ol-
*4
S 3 *
88.
t 4 4
Si¬
S t! 4
ll. ’
:? M c|.
5 - 37 -
'S '>! 4
24.
-s
U.
122. 123.
tH
27, 96.
45 -
V °| C V
3 •
* £
1 20.
■* v M
12,76.
■t V M 4
12.
't *r H=
2S.
t ViL
28.
t cl Jl *+
67.
T & *1
73 - 80.
f *1
II?.
V & *1
102.
f -f Jc
ny.
* vl]
9 -
•t M
27. 70.
*£ M
71,72, 81.
t
7 1.
T
7 1 -
113-
f M
06 .
*£ Jn M
77 -
f 2T.E1-
6 8 _
f
44 -
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FOKMS.
£ 4 4
125.
14
10,
£ 4 4 4
136.
£44
136.
$ 4 014
136.
£ 4 4 4
136.
£ 4
74 . Sr.
-a- tc
0
u. -7
71,88.
-s 35 - A
15. -l -c:
7 1 -
£ *1
103.
£ *1
116.
1?*1
9-
•£>*1
3 -*
% *i
31*
t+\ s-
47 *
49 *
s n
55 -
1 4
57 *
1 *i
5 5 *
$ *2
62.
62.
-*■
a-
124.
1 4
50, 69.
T 44
136.
f 4 a. -*• 4
107.
4 4 4 4
130.
f 4 4
136.
•? 4
69.
t 4- a. 4 4
107.
f ^
50.
■*• 4 ■¥■ 4
30.
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
INDEX OF FORMS;
IV
* 3
36 .
•$ -4 4 4
Si-
t e) A
34 -
109.
f *1 ef
61.
•$• a *14
46.
t e) $1 *f-
33 -
^
49.
f *3 ?\
33 -
ti 4
67.
t e| cj
20.
46.
34 -
t4
i» 2, 4 '. 93 -
1 * 4
108.
* 4 4
93 -
1 #■ 4
IO8.
t4i
105.
1 4 *4
1 I I.
f 4 H| ej.
136.
1 <d4
II 7 -
f 4£
118.
1 H ef
60.
t c H 4
136.
1 4 t 4
I 12.
t 4
132.
1 *i -f 5. 4
IO8.
t D)|
55 -
1*1 4
I08.
f 3
122.
1 4-
1 13 -
t 4 “1 4
55 -
1*fr4
129.
T 4 4
63.
14 4 4
130.
-* 4 H
9 1 *
1 *1 a 4
130.
T 4 4 4
58.
t&t 4
I08.
14 4
^ 3 -
1 c f or 1 *|
117.
t ’a *1
118.
1444 <* 1*144
106.
*44
56.
1444« 1*144
49.
t£?ls
936.
1 4 4 or 1 *] Vj
* 33 -
t£4
67.
144efor1*|4e>
* 33 -
f 4
97
144 or 144
131-
•*■4
53 * 73 -
taLri-W 1 C I 4 or 1*14
* 144£or1*l4.5.
104.
•f 4 a. 4
53 -
98-
*4
8, 26.
129.
t^u
26.
1-t
I 19.
1-t-S-
I I9.
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V
INDEX OF FORMS.
*1
*+
63.
"1 %
1 *
?! 4 H E !
58 .
*>1 *i H
99 •
E !
56.
•1 *51'S
106.
a <a *
63 -
*] H-&
90.
$! c !
4 -
*1 s .
39 . 43 > 82.
•ISJ
40.
°1 fe
IOO.
38.
?! M s.
lOO-
“i s . iJ n
42. .
*4 3
74 -
*1 4- M \ 4
37 -
c ! n \
95 -
®) «4
83 -
jL
105.
*>! 4
56 .
106.
°) 4
43 *
*1-*;
114.
*1 14
4 I > 7 °-
1
n
114.
“I 4* 1 !
72 .
119.
“! M ef
66.
4 --§t
129
tl 7 r
44 -
11.
?!
74 .
4, a.
, 3'3 c !
5 7 -
JL 5 .
126.
■3 c j! 7 !
62.
162.
-1 E !
41, 101.
163.
») E ! 7 !
93 -
*f E !2.
id.
e ] , 7 |‘ (The Noun) 137
«-l E i
136.
*M<*|
1 37 -
97 -
-2-i:
138.
•>13 M
91.
139 -
*>1 el e>
56.
140..
o) 3 . 3 . M-
67.
( il|) hi.
67.
•4*4,3 .“l
142.
g *1
67.
* 43 .
°4 4
3.41-
3 3,^1 •'43
144.
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INDEX OF FORMS*
VI
il HS-
% 146.
n
ADVERB
-1*1
124.
*'}*, t Formation of the p.p.
147.
148.
149.
150.
*h 1
151.
X^
152.
*T* »*T
153.
B
e
A
*
o4-
155-
156.
157 *
158.
159.
t6o.
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KOKEAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
« eF«t-
« (*) e I S
( 3 ) a< 5 >; sc|.
/. Endings used to assert connection between the
subject and some qualifying word or phrase as the
English copula "be,” spoken of in the following
pages as the verb “to be ” with adjectives.
If. Ending used also as the simple infinitive.
Examples
(It) is beautiful or To be beautiful.
(It) * s good or To be good.
n)i? c l- (He) is lazy or To be lazy.
A verb with radical (•£*) and infinitive end¬
ing ; = To do\ to make, (marked (-^r)
throughout to distinguish it from the ending
t c b
Endings used as a simple predicate with a noun
or noun phrase and marking tkc nature or character
as the English copula "be,” spoken of in the follow¬
ing pages as the verb “to be ” with nouns.
is used with nouns ending in a con¬
sonant sound; & with those ending in a
vowel sound.
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o
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
I
l
Example
I 'HWl -S S 4 C V
! What is this ? It is gold.
A verb radical ( >]) and infinitive ending c |"
| to be (exist); to have.
i
I Example:-
That man has a great deal of money.
i
! Note
' SK and At Take the forms and changes
! of (t) c l the verb of action. See No. 147.
FINALS.
! Enmoun.
Spoken.
(5> ('$')-§-’=• °1
(£)M c f
i
1
j
i
i
t
i
i
i
2 9 ; 86; 92; 120;
127; 157; 1S5;
1S9.
j
THE PRESENT INDICA¬
TIVE OF ACTION.
Used in speaking of U ;$
immediately seen or knc:oti ■
every one.
L The highest honorijies.
0 ^and-^f V] £|* are 11 s, <1
with verbs in a vowel radical.
IT '1 and aiv
used interchangeably with \ er!>s
in a consonant radical See No.
147-
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KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINAI-S.
Knmoun.
|6)
17 )
Spoken. s -Examples:-
! »! A- 1 M
I am moving.
|
• I have dined well and am going.
i
//. Respectful farms—m very cent-
won use.
i
S- ! Formed by adding or Jl. to ll:c
■ past verbal part, and pronounced ‘&j JL.
, See No. 149.
Kxamplj
\\ hat are you doing now?
l am eating.
■> §
It’S.
— C A
///. Forms used m;;oug frit m(s %
e(jimIs &e.
**] is added to any verb radical.
J2L is used with verbs in a vowel radic.il.
—— JL and are used interchange¬
ably with verbs in a c< »n>onant radical.
Sue No. 14/.
Kxamplcs
4W*§tfJ
They are going to the mountain
for pleasure.
■a *<r s = .7
lie is milking tools.
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4
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
Enmoun. 1 Spoken.
fe)
(io»
(t)*l
(fM
CSM
•u-^l
'cS) c l ; & c l
40; S 4 ; 240-
or
She is dishing out rice.
IV. Half talk forms i. e. forms lacking
respectful endings.
is added to any verb radical.
Example
*i*imt*i
He is at dinner.
V. Low forms.
is added to any verb radical
U bl] is used with verbs that have a vowel
radical.
■*^1^] is used with verbs that have a con¬
sonant radical. See No. 147.
Example
You speak well'.
VI. Forms used to ctcddrai, servants .
is used with verbs in a vowel radical.
Jr c|» is used with verbs in a consonant,
radical.
Examples
I
It costs dear.
He drank some three glasses and is
1 drunks
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KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
5
FINALS.
Ennioun.
Spoken.
THE INDEPENDENT PRESENT
INDICATIVE.
Lsc<i(r ) with what is spoken of without any
reference to hems; seen, as 'what is general, un¬
iversal, (y) with the future as present, (j) in
teaching or in telling another what he docs not
knoiv.
)
/. Respectfuljornts.
^ J *')’ is used with verbs in a vowel
radical.
*3* and ^ are used inter¬
changeably with verbs in a consonant rad
ical. See No. 147.
15 ; 33 ; 73 !
129; 144.
I
i
r
1
!
i
1
Examples
That man engraves well (a general state¬
ment regarding the man’s work).
People of that country are very tall,
(general and not of any particular case).
The steamer is leaving tomorrow, (the
future as present).
Hlincl people are called cluing nim. (in
teaching, telling one who does not know).
1 /. /'onus used to servants, children See.
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i.
6
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS*
FINALS.
V
a
xs
(*3)
(i4)
Enmoun.
Spoken.
(*>VM
4J; 44; ss; 61;
64; 69; 186.
<*33>3v-*14 M 4-
•36; I39i 268.
cr^)i
24; 47; 49; 90;
106; I 15.
is used with any
verb radical.
Examples
M E f
If one gets cold in a wound
he dies.
Even though you leave him
alone he is going.
*8 4 £44^*4 4
He has passed away already
(died).
THE PAST INDICATIVE
OF ACTION.
/. The highest honorijics.
S 4r c l“ is added to the
past verbal participle. See
No. 148 &c.
Example
3.4Sf a.4'f'£*l
B lf2!-£M4
We had a quarrel he and I.
//1 Tcmis used among
o
friends , equals See.
S' : 4 l is added to the past
verbal part. See No. 148 &c.
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KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
Os)
FINALS.
Enmoun.
(16)
I Spoken.
208; 236.
Examples
4 * 1 * 1314 :
Spring has come.
*1 £ 314 .
The sun has risen.
III. Forms used to children, serv¬
ants &c.
and /*ere added to
the past verbal participle. See No.
148 &c.
Examples
I was deceived by that fellow.
The flowers have come out.
4 c 4'S t l
I was speechless.
• THE PAST INDEPENDENT
INDICATIVE.
I Used (/) in speaking of what was
i
| general or universal, (2) in teaching
1 or telling a fact not immediately seen.
' ! /. Respectfulforms.
1(1* 51 )$ ^ added to the past
i . verbal participle. See 14S &c.
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8
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(* 7 )
(18)
(^ 9 )
FINALS.
Enmoun.
(*Si>±
263.
(t>U!4 v *M
Spoken.
Example
That man lielpcd the poor
much. (A general practice
with the man.)
/ 1 . Forms used amongfriends,
equals Sic. See No. 14.
III. Forms used to children,
servants Sic,
Avvjat is added to the
past verbal participle. See
No 148 &c.
THE FUTURE INDICA¬
TIVE FORMS
7 . The highest honorifics.
(*tf ^ *^T M c |'|'!3 ^*] C V is used with the
radical of verbs in C V
V| i s usc< j u -ith the
radical of verbs in c ~}'
179 ;
206.
Examples
M C 1
If it has a pleasant taste I
will cat it.
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KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
9
FINALS.
Enmoun. Spoken. ; ^ 49 | , a*l. 2 .'ad < aT
j If you built your house on high
i J , ground it would be cool and pleas-
i | I ant
(20) 'If. Respectful forms.
is used with verbs in a
vowel radical.
— * E) c |- — 2 .) c|» { s use( ] with verbs in a
134; 161. consonant radical. See No. 147.
, Examples
I If it rains we will sow the seed.
I will come again.
i
! ITT. Forms used among friends,
! equals &e.
(t )f3 *] S- '(t )?J -&*l -S- ?J!# *1 S- i and *| S.
I I |
(t)D! 4 i ; are used with verbs in
(t>U! *1 JL \ and 51 S.
(f)A-El "l c Kt)2| c f
— Bl=V
( 21 )
26; 2S; 45; 116;
169; 295.
arc used with verbs in ^j*
Examples
£-gy2oa.soj!-fr*i.s.
He will come in a little.
If one succeeds as a merchant
he will become rich.
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IO
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
(22)1 Enmoun.
Spoken.
IV. Forms used to servants,
children 8zr.
24 C I
(t)°h —°f
2*1
172; 258; 273; 276;
280.
* 24 is used with verbs in
with verbs in
**\ is added a vowel radical
and "I to a consonant
radical.
Example
5! e >
If I could have a smoke
I should like it.
(tsaryii
(ty)7S c t
(* 4 )
400; 1023.
FUTURE PERFECT
FORMS.
I. to IV.
I. Formed by adding Tjj
II. &c. to the past verbal
III. participle.
IV. Example
«i|jie|vJil! c V
The orioles will have come.
PRESENT INTERROGA¬
TIVE FORMS—OF
ACTION.
I. The highest konorifics.
is used wiih verb"
in a vowel radical*
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
II
FINALS.
Enmoun.
m.
Sp ken.
^ ^f* * s used with verbs in a con¬
sonant radical.
*>1 7 f* * s use d also with many verbs
in a consonant radical. See No. 147.
Examples
j Do you know how to fly a kite?
j
j Do you work diligently every day?
714; 889.
If. Forms used among friends,
equals &c.
S- is used with verbs in a vowel rad¬
ical.
—- and 4l are used interchange¬
ably with verbs in a consonant radical.
See No. 147.
Examples I—
What do you moan by such a hurry?
Are you writing letters?
-a. aH
What child is crying like that?
Ilf, Half talk forms.
(t>*l
used with verbs in any radical
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
12
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
Enmoun.
Spoken.
(t)^
<t)4
Example
U It 4*1 or
Do you say you are going to¬
morrow?
IV. Low forms ,
^ and are used with verbs in
any radical.
(28)
(*)v
Examples
Docs that woman \vash well?
Why have you not ploughed your
field yet?
3745 459 ; 542 ;
544; 671; 908;
1043.
V. Forms used to children, ser¬
vants See.
b|: anc j are usc< ] with any verb
radical.
Examples
How is it that you make mistakes
every time?
Why do you neglect your studies
for play?
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
finals.
Enmoun.
Spoken.
i
1
i
i.
<t^u
i
i
1
i
ctSiH
FORMS-OF ACTION.
I. Highest honorific forms.
is added to the
past verbal participle.
Example
!jW
Have you decided to go?
//• Forms used among
(led to the past verbal part¬
iciple.
Examples
Has he already reached
Seoul ?
Have you passed an ex¬
amination ?
II1. Forms used to children,
*4 arc added to the past
verbal participle.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
14
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
( 32 )
(33
Enmoun.
Spoken.
(
1
l
1 i
1
5 53 ; 6-4-
1,
i
1
5
i
T
-3! if
5i; 183; 248.
Examples
*1
Have you not seen that is-
md?
Have you finished harvest-
:ig?
VH=
How old are you ?
FUTURE INTERROGA¬
TE FORMS-OF ACTION.
/. FUgliest honorific forms.
$|^i *j 7 f" is used with the
radicals of verbs in ’-}■
is used with the
radicals of verbs in c r
Example:-
Will you cut the barley to¬
morrow ?
IL Respectful forms,
is used with verbs in a
vowel radical.
*lf" is used with verbs in
a consonant radical. Sec No.
147 -
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN 6RAMMATICAL FORMS,
FINALS.
Enmoun,
I
Hws.
Spokcq. I Example:-
in
| A#> it is cold will I put on more
1 fire?
( V ) 1 1 UL Forms used among friends,
( I | equals <Vr.
(t )70 *§ * 1 3 - (t > ■ 1 j! ^ * 1 3 -1 7 S ^ *1 and are used
| with the radicals of verbs in
— JL 1 Z ^S- and arc used with verbs
in a vowel redical.
^ "ti ^1 ■$- and are used
with tlie radicals of verbs in c |**
See No. 147.
— Vt, is used with verbs in a con¬
sonant radical.
Examples
That man has gone home.
! Will he conic out again?
j If I eat Korean food will I have
{ indigestion ?
j Will you visit Keum Kang San?
i
676.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
16
finals.
(35)' Enmoun.
(37)
Spoken.
*•784
=314 ..
*784
>384
*78 *4
235; 266; 8955
901; 947.
(*)$; 4
- 3;-4
T-8-M*14
*444
4444
344 -
IV. Forms used to servants , chil¬
dren &c.
* 4 - 784 - 78 * 4 = are used
with the radicals of verbs in c |*
^ w }’ ^11 are used
with the radicals of verbs in
and 2-|- are used with verbs
in a vowel radical.
—. ^ and are used with
verbs in a consonant radical. See
No. 147.
Examples
Will he come again next year ?
If you go alone will you not be
afraid ?
nl7t-3)o]=«i*Hj!<r4
How will you know?
VERBAL FORMS — OF CON¬
DITION OR CHARACTER.
/. Highest honorific forms.
*444 is used as the verb “to
be” with a (Korean) adjective.
4444 is used as the verb
“to be” with a (Korean) noun.
V| '£}• is used as the verb “ to
j be ” with a (Korean) adjective.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
Enmoun.
A. ft l
17
Spoken.
•s* 1 c V
o V)eJ.
tsid-
“lSl't
£14
*14
36; 8$; 98;
103; 107;
155 ; 2 ' 9 -
V] c.y and Vj cj. are used inter-
changeably with verbs in a consonant
radical.
° M c t >s added to a vowel radical.
See No. 147.
Examples: -r
■3r e J & 1
The orders of the commander are
severe.
2.£4i
He is a good man.
4i*t-£$v|4 2£M4
Tlie man is good
I l. Respectful forms.
*&" ,£| is used as the verb “to be ”
with a (Korean) adjective.
-I £| 4 is used as the verb “to be ”
with a (Korean) noun ending in a con¬
sonant sound, while S] is used
with nouns ending in a vowel sound.
cj. and £| cj- are often used inter¬
changeably though is generally
used with a consonant radical and 5 ^
witn a vowel railical. See No. 148.
Examples
“1 ?H ^1
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
Enmoun.
Spoken,
1
h; 17;
1
22; 27; ■
34: 79; ’
iii; 121 ;
124; 130;
139:211.
til
-lsl
si
1
l
I
=fcS)
1
i
1
tslM
I Among several this print is the clearest.
•>1 “M-?-'d4 u lsH
This raia presages a year of plenty.
III. Forms used among friends equals &r.
tA is used as the verb “to be” with a (Ko¬
rean) adjective.
SL and arc used as the v^Jd “to be” with aJ
a (Korean) noun ending in a consonant sound. 1
X is used with nouns ending in a vowel sound.
-—and arc used interchangeably with
ve-bs having a consonant radical, while
is used with verbs having a vowel radical. See
No. 147.
Examples:—
Even though I am insulted it makes no difference.
The sea is very deep.
He is a man from the West.
IV. Ha f-talk Forms.
For the use of these forms see No. 38,
Examples:-
St^UtS]
Your face looks pretty.
*]£]
That’s an opinion.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
r 9
FINALS.
(.4*)j Enmoun.
> 1 e>
Spoken.
t*}
t*i
*W
41; 56; co;
148; 152;
77 ; So ;
158; 229
144.
f' Forms used to servants, children &c.
is used as the verb “to be" with a (Kore¬
an) adjective.
c |" is used as the verb “to be” with a (Ko¬
rean) noun.
^ and c |" are endings of pure Korean verbs
that usually have the force of “to be" with ad¬
jectives.
*H is used with the radical of verbs in c |*.
is used with the radical of verbs in SJ*,
and are often used in “halftalk"
as fin ds instead of c l" and c |-
Examples:-
V -1 1 4
Tlic room is cosy.
The day is calm.
They have eaten all. This only is left.
3 . °i d -i 3W W£l <&4
I did not think that that could be done and
it has turned out (all right).
Note—is also used as the forms in 67.
c |’ is used at the end of a quotation for all
forms from 37 to 41.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
20
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
Enmoun.
Spoken
INTERROGATIVE FORMS-OF
CONDITION OR CHARACTER.
m
■s-'sUf
^7}
9M7F
113; 400;/, 39;
440.
/. Highest honorific forms.
is used as the verb
“to be” with a (Korean) adjective.
°l ^ ^ is used as the verb
“to be” with a (Korean) noun, end¬
ing in a consonant sound while J$L
^ is used with nouns ending in
a vowel sound.
-S-^jTfand Su \& y Y ar e used
interchangeably with a consonant
radical. See No. 147-
"if is used as the verb “to
be” with (Korean) nouns ending in
a consonant sound, while 0 >1
is used with those ending in a vow¬
el sound.
Examples
Is the distance great ?
7 \
How are the customs of that
j country?
Is he the magistrate of this coun-
i ty?
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
21
FINALS.
Enrr.oun.
Spoken.
ti
3 .
± 3 -
S-
ii 8.
Is this of the first quality?
77 . Forms used among friends,
equals &<r.
tx is used as the verb "to he"
with a (Korean) adjective.
ft- is used as the verb “ to be "
with a (Korean) noun, ending in a
consonant sound while .JSL is used
with nouns ending in a vowel sound.
-fr and ~-J£. are used interchangea¬
bly with verbs in a consonant radical
while J2_ is used with a vowel radical.
See No. 147.
Examples
How is the weather in Seoul?
'Squhgjz.
Is the surface level?
°|i
Is he an honest man or dishonest?
III. Half-talk forms.
•—•7?; •—JSL
£ ami £ jL arc used as the
verb "to be” with a (Korean) adjec¬
tive.
and Sl-SL are used as the
verb “to be” with a (Korean) noun.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
1
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS,
FINALS.
Enmoun. Spoken. t-~ yj- a *ul u SL arc used with verbs in a
vowel radical.
| TT * 7 |- and lT JlL are used with a conson-
i ant radical. See Xo. *47-
i t- ,
j examples
! |
1 I Are you very uneasy ?
: i ! 4t]^a1 a aH*l -&1\
i J j Why do y-'.u shiv- i\ arc yuu so cold?
1 1 ‘l ^
i j
i I i I: - ti n ihinp, t-apor uioncy?
• ! 1\ ;mh1 "ZZ 7) arc i.: < J with JjL c }' as
. t- *7}■ • *tT~ : - V si-.-;ri to he" -U.’ ! k<_-’
It looks like a <. row.
) : / / r . /v/v'.v ./•.•/ /•> jv/wwA, rkUdvai &c.
1 C ^ is leal . * the verb “to be” with
o .reaa) adjc ii\e.
T 4
j is used the \erb “ to be with
I o'j iJ-; ^ a (!- oien) noun, ending in a consonant
i i s«:imd wl.iic ^ IS nsec! with nouns enJ-
, — ^
j . - ( ' \ * n *» a VCAVC ^ sound.
\ , ui ; s vised with verbs in a vowel radical.
| fir ^ \
! is used with verbs in a consonant
— y* is useci van veins m a
radical. Sv.-e No- 147•
Examples
■f-f ‘•H'tlf
1 )ocs your head-ache very much?
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
Spoken.
6 1 "H *1 -r- Al S| *4
What kind of talk is this?
*13
<>1 *T M ■£ *> §
*1H=
Is lie
a man from the country oi
from Seoul?
impel:
ATI YE FORMS —OF
ACTION'.
l. / /Y'OV
sst ho i 'rijic firms.
( -£ ;/ : J A'p
ixL •' nd
S-'J are used with
»?•; ; » ;t
v, w. * ■ Teal.
- :£ M
V-* >> : ih verbs in a con-
■» c_i — 1
‘ Oil M
;C - ii; ■
" • ! Se t' . u). ^ \ J '
V r
M
> r:
•••■»•/. TT
Ci •
•a 1 • , .t * .!c!
v.r 5
A
,U y ... ?.:) Al S>- X Q_
f cl -J. SI 'S
/ ; ;
u:
?’:iy ! Jolv Spirit !
;/. A*.
’• V.'> :>'
«1*1-2-
« *}J£.
: I . •• verbs in a
-*'AS-
■ i Tea!.
'Vi ]l 71
. ■»• nt i •’
. . 1. Sc 147 -
L onv: get the baggage packed up.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
A
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
Enmoun.
Spoken.
Choose from these please.
III. Forms used among friends,
equals &c\
(JL is used with verbs having a
vowel radical.
is vised with verbs having
a consonant radical. Sec No. 147.
Examples
Do it quickly.
Give us chcy-omtg. —on 14th.
of 1st. moon*
// • Half-talk forms
l rc H c l- or (fVtlflA u •4l and *1 are used with
vcrbs “ l a vowel radic:iL
and tl] arc used with
verbs in a consonant radical. See
No. 147.
Example
\\ r ork at it diligently.
X'ClrteJ-
l\ Forms used to sa vants, chiF
I dren &r.
(^) cc l ■ i ^
or some
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
25
FINALS.
Knmoun.
Spoken. I modification of these is added to
radical of the verb.
^j_ i -T" Arc added to a vowel
' “ 1 radical.
— ^ -r - v f arc added to a
1 consonant radical. Sec No. 147.
53; 97; 100;
146; 150; 156: |
1 7f. 175; O':
U J7
(t) A F b ] c t
H^l c t
Examples
: e Vd-S-m-l: •£-*!•£ *-* 1 ?
Keep the hen from living on the
! roof.
J Head this and rest.
!
IMPERATIVE FORMS. “LETUS’*
/. /hworijic forms.
^ e "l' * s used with verbs in a vowel
radical.
477; 91; 81; ! c t is used with verbs in a con-
I 4 >.
sonant radical. See No. 147.
Examples
nf-ai % tt l % a t c >
Let us two work together.
i^l c t
If a thief comes let us stab him
| with a spear.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
26
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS,
FINALS.
(S2)]Enmoun*
( 53 )|
if)^
Spoken.
38; 142.
(5 4 >
(t ) 7 '\
/ 7 . Half-talk forms.
is used with verbs in a vowel
radical.
is used with verbs in a conson¬
ant radical. See No. 147.
Example
tJ-^I
Let us go and pick flowers.
III. Forms used to children, ser¬
vants &r.
d. 7 -\ 3 - d are used with nnv verb
! "
1 1 * 1
, radical.
i .Ewiir.pif
I (l c.j tp.ni and let us r»*<>
; 1; n:Cn,.
TA '! l 5 iCKI'i-CT F('JL\iS.
•r all . lasses.
1
1
-•
1
to J’F. ■•'■■••ns
1
I I.
!
0- Sits tf.
! I f ’
perfect form •
:iii.
Kx.impk
1 IV.
*! % y
1 ') c t
1 ney had already'printed all the
Look'-.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
27
FINALS.
Enmoiin. Spoken. ’ OUTSIDK VERBAL FORMS—
I j (referring to things seen and afterwards
1 spoken of).
j I
I j /. Respectful forms—marking action
condition or character an l used of zvhat
j ; one has seen and tells to another xcko has
not seen.
^Cp'tV'l b ! ^ ^ r.;’c|. j s , ;sec i with verbs in a vmv-
y \T *1 C t -vi ^i c t .elradic.il.
j' l 'i °J c f 'p-Sl)cj- ~n~^l C '\ c far" ohvI imer-
‘clui’g. with \ eibs in 1 consonant
7 ?e’K
;; ' iv ii. i. s • • n... 147.
^ ^ k'ij w’|* j. • v■{ 1 as tIij verb “ to be”
U CTj cj- v atji tl ( ;/ t j- -...) adjec f i/<:.
y] E'j f ; i *T. t-j* i , *j ,-d as the verb “ to be”
( i; ) v.iui ending i:i a consonant
f v !m . •■iin-1 \. kiL* ^ EJ}-f is u ed with
iv !i. i.
*■ r;
« 1
6 ; .13; 1 10;
<-n»ling in .1 roue! sound.
Not-.'—l%ed M>nietimes in a
funeral sense and sometimes in a
particular and translated therefore by
both present and past tenses.
Examples:-
!
In the 5th. moon on Tan-oh they
had fine wrestling in Onesan.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
28
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
Enmoun. 1 Spoken.
The “blue dragon" and “white tiger" shas
are both suitable (for burial).
°i -i 0 1 IB *1 'S ^ -§ W| c >
Tlie ice is frozen thin or was frozen thin.
•f Tt -& *15.** M tf*) ^ d l c f
In Fusan even in winter there are many
flowers iii bloom.
#M-f 1 o] ^ A *£ % H|'
People of that place farm well, or did tneir
farm work well.
Note—-The tst. pci.sonal pronouns “ I and
" we ” arc never used with this ending when
denoting action, though often when denoting
condition or character.
That man is working or was working—
never “1“ or “we” with a verb of action in Tij
or but we can say
I was tired.
(Always translated as a past when used with
1st. personal pronouns. Viewed as though the
speaker had seen or experienced this of himself
and was telling it to one who had not sccnY
ft-frSttaMHSSAjeW
I thought it was day light and it was the
moon shining.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL l-'OKMS.
2 9
FINALS.
($6) Enmoun. ( Spoken. II. harms used to servants, children Szc.
Marking action , condition or character.
Used of \'i'/iaf one has seen and tells to another
who has not seen.
is used with the radical of verbs in
fc) C-| E|* G| E^ is used with the radical of verbs in c j-
is used as the \crb “to be** with
, . (Korean) nouns that end in a consonant
^ ' sound, ^ 2.}' bein',; used with those that
78:96; if.;-
! en<l in a vowel soumL
C-j £j* is used j- “to 1 k *' wtlli (Korean)
adjevth v.-.
Note—Tran*kited by the present or
oast tense according >o the context, or .■>
the ''t stemenl i-. *_yner;il or particular.
J.xatnpk': **
170; 251; i
257 ;* 275; !
29C>.
'! irt nvn
•*.rv ni
•*r .vernnvnt:
head quarters—or v.as *;* notary.
a Jal 7 i-'i l 'r h. A M *>!
7 il “1 2 i ■*! -= A -S- C 1 ' d l
] wonder if there is war, last night f
.dreamed that many gun-boats came in.
Note— With verbs of action “1” and "we"
arc nc.vr iwed with Crj Ej* or r;j Ej\ See
Xo. 55 , note.
I “41 °i e h
j JJc is working (never lam working or we
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
1
3 °
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
Enmoun.
(57*
Spoken.
c £>°!!'4
<§■'?! c t
£31 c t
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are working which would be—^ *-}■).
OUTSIDE VERBAL FORMS —
(Referring to things once existing that have
passed away).
/. Rospoctfritarms marking continueJ action ,
condition or character an / nsedof what once c.vist-
c/i when telling /<> one coho had not known or seen.
y is used with verbs in a vowel radical,
"tf a, *d "vf ase used interchangea¬
bly with verbs in a consonant radical. See
No. 147.
' s us< -'d as the verb “to be ” with a
(Korean) adjective.
<34 c }' ‘ s used as “to be” with a (Korean)
noun that ends in a consonant sound and
with tin'sc ending in a vowel sound.
Note—Always, a past tense, translated by
“ used to,” “was,” &c. and used with all three
persons.
Examples
4-S g <d *1 i 7 f A l e| =t
In the last yeai of Song-to the Poubka-
sari appeared.
•*fl n -£ <&£ 11 3 Hi- *|■%: 34 t
-y
Before my eyesight failed I used to read
books well.
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
31
FINALS.
Itnmoun.
( 58 )
Spoken.
When youn <4 I used often to hunt
with a falcon.
IL Forms for servants, children 8 ze.
marking continued action , condition or
j character, and used of what once existed
1 . . 1 when spea/eitr* of it to one who had not
^ I 1 ' 1 * ' ’ 1 known or s, < //.
Tej V| ^ £|- j s uyc( | with the radical of
y C 1 M e f j verbs in <=}•
jf c -|M=f ' 6 IM E t i ' U'od v\ith the radical of
1 * • ’i
verbs in x ~r-
I 1
• Crj vj is iba*d as the verb “to
| be’' with a 1 Jvorca.i) noun ending in a
j consonant -.and, 2 C H bc-
iim u.si-d ’v'i.h those ending in a vow-
I o
el sound. v
v] Z\ is u.-.cii as the verb 4t to
be*’ with (Korean) nouns.
NoL—Al.vaj's a past tense, trans¬
lated by “used to." “was” &c. and.
used with all three persons.
Exa?iiples
*13S1 °»l M=>
Formerly you and I were the same.
& ) ^ *1 nr* ®I SH M E t
This tiling existed from ancient
Hmes-fbut. is no longer in existence).
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
1
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
Eomoun.
{'M
(60),
Spoken.
id a i c 1 H
* dd,stal'd
Our teacher was a noted
scholar-(but now is dead).
OUTSIDE PAST PER¬
FECT FORMS.
These forms have the same
variations as seen in Nos. 55
to 58. the only difference bc-
incr that in order to indicate
pad perfect time the past
verbal participle with is
used instead of the simple
radical.
1 .xamples
d *1 °\ d
t SI'S aid
The pear had not yet be-
00m. ripo.
°h '§'21 d
In early years of life one
had many hardships.
OUTSIDE FUTURE
FORMS.
I’scl of what one knows
will take place because of rea¬
sons see/:.
For the variations seen in
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
33
FINALS.
(<■>!)
Enrnoun,
Spoken,
*iS-&n|d-
a i ( ti a l z > !<t>a|^
/JS /t?3 ) ^|sl E V ~ 2 1 Z >
<fJ2|
( 62 )
these forms, read notes on the
Future Indicative and Outside
Verbal Forms.
Examples
That man will do good shoot¬
ing. (A conclusion drawn from
I iva.- : -en-as clean gun, steady
hand vxc )
i ‘.he v.<»rh!‘s attitude and
j *.* rl : n'\ ;. ; iv.it war u.'!! break
'»iit >ne t *f I ;k sc times.
111 1 INDKPENOKNT EL-
Tl.KF. FORMS.
; Ju: funt ifSt't/of things spohrn
! /•/ :k ith 'ht o.U] rcfiTt')ii\' fc> reasons
1
i h'r /h in A jug or hi whig brcit
\
| .'Vi f<.
e|ef
is added to a vowel radical.
— H.) Ej- is added to a consonant
! radical.
Example
Mr. Ni will come in a little.
orTSIDE rRESENT INTER-
. KUGAT 1 VK FORMS.
| /• Respectful forms-—used in in-
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34
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FINALS.
Enmoun. ' Spoken. ■
WsnY
] -a-SSf
°j S! 7 f
; 11 si iy j
; £ 94 !
: f Pi| 4
i
i
(63)
(f)4 H= (*)4 *4
yciLt C*') 47 t
IcrHJt'" ‘
(f)<a
&Y
quiring for what another has scat or /want.
9 4*4 and 9 914 arc used
with verbs in a vowel radical.
Ta ^ an(1 -er^ arc used
with verbs in a consonant radical. Sec
No. 147.
^ is used as "to be” with nouns
ending in a consonant sound, * $n\
with those ending in a vowel sound.
~u is used as the verb “tobc”
with adjectives.
J Examples
=£. 4 4 t 9 4
1 )oes the actor sini; wx’.i ?
4 '“ 14-519 4
About how many hit high is that
mountain? (Asked of one who has seen
the mountain by one who has not).
3-4- S “l 9 4
Is that man a )au^/>au? (Spoken of
one not seen by the speaker).
//. IuKV forms-—useif vi vujttiriuj? for
what au other has seen or heard.
and 4 ?Y are used with tho
radical of verbs in *-]•
^ and 7 ^ arc used with the
radical of verbs in
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KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
35
FINALS.
Enmoun.
Spoken.
t<a
t-'Sa-
ctsim
is used as 10
be” with nouns ending in
'a consonant sound, 21 Crj
^ with those ending i.)
a vowel sound.
'If c i ]S used as 14 to
be 99 with adjectives.
Examples
M M H- ej- -tl esj ^
Tj-f c -| *+
W hich country is the
most pm\ erful ? (Asked of
one w ho has seen the world
by one who has not).
llow is tlie rate of silv¬
er today?
OUTSIDE PAST
INTERROGATIVE
FORMS.
The variations of these
forms can be seen from
Nos. 62. I Iere the past
verbal part, with /. takes
flic place of the radical.
Examples
°] <*>1 ea .
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
36
FINALS.
Enmoun. Spoken. | XJ cj 0)41^
sa c i m *1 t y--& c >- fc i
ff-frtS'S'iy*
When I left that house
was in a terribly dilapidat¬
ed condition; have they re¬
paired it yet ?
i dO
Did you buy wood for
j the matches?
; OUTSIDE FUTURE
i INTERROGATIVE
FORMS.
(6s)C*’ )■$ -S C 1 'i 7 b t '511 £ c] ^ 7 |-l The variations of these
>b.n-|lc| 7 j- h )ITlls can understood
3 Hid
from remarks on the future
indicative and from Nos. (>2
1 ar.d <> 3 . Hero (^72)
. takes tiio place cf the sim-
; p!e radical.
Examples
-£T^'S"'l I D1
1 cannot, but will not
you be able to do it?
°j-Md si sid'd
What time mieht it be?
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS,
37
FINALS.
Enmoun.j Spoken.
168; 201;
252; 259.
THE INDEPENDENT PRESENT FORM.
A form marking coin ''iiiou or character and
used of things rfithuut any reference to their haring
been seen or heard—as <? genera/ state incut, a con¬
clusion See.
(*^»* V 3"| £]" is the corresponding form of ac¬
tion).
tv|e> is used as mi \a he" \\ ; th adjectives,
b 1M E l- is used as " to he*' with nouns ending
in a consonant sound. H with those ending
in a vowel sound.
Examples
If cne be clean in heart he will be clean out¬
wardly.
Among one’s possessions silver and gold are
the most highly prized.
a t
One given to ail three — drink, debauchery
and gambling — )s certainly a rak-‘
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
3S
FINALS.
Enmoun.
Spoken. , POETICAL AND INDIFFERENT
FORMS.
(67)!
%■
4
! he following forms arc used as though
« spL a Wng to ends self-marking indifference
if these present.
*<Z l £ )ji *-T if, added to the past verbal part-
(*£* i\ ‘*52 W - K'iph* with ff. or to the present participle
c| ( V t-| ; or to the radical.
*§•,££). ^ v-L H takes the place of jL vj- with
'•-.Ls in
°!^ C 1' and are
used with nouns ending in a consonant
24
“I _£. J 9 I
;-y^i
\ 3 ^\
^y
If
i 11;<>3;6;; 101;
I „
• 182; 292.
sound, Jc. JI- and Al) are
j used with those in a vowel sound.
j Examples
1 i£ c f
i\ modest, retiring, virtuous voun<r
j lady i; fitting helpmeet fertile superior
man. (from the Rook of Odes)
; c3.»i
You insult me, do you ?
i he I Mist is lighting up.
Here is a good man.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL l-'ORMS.
y>
FINALS.
( 68 )
/Cv
Enmoun. j Spoken. [ £ t>] jLv} ■§ t>] jl 3 _v]- /.]
A umber one, iin:nber t\v\*>, numb *r
three. (CoMiitinj to one's self)
■3- A H 6 i 3( ^
Tliat tn.v.i will come by and l>y.
THE ))Erl\T:K VKMI'AE
i ; or,\;s.
'll. '.cv marl tin n.ir
| ,j • / //»,’ , 7 , xj>, c > : \ ( 1 ,- //.>; /.I.r _vy>, ),.{•, 7
j .«
tf'il £(• 1 .!•:£{• 1 .n id«l.«l to any
X -O )_v el'37 ■' • r '' r '
: (! 1
!i-• !
V) 1 j- H *n'j -vj ;<j £ * f= ‘-j *] £
'l l] •$' v nf-
T mv, v r:i -:
Of h. 1 !*' y ,
\ o \; a J.j . ’< c. \ ;):;iiu
I T, » mv: ; I. . is :;oJn;.; to Ll.ijm next
ycm. (Her* i!u: 0:10 j:.., ?.)o?:en
is the oik: v, r.o *£r ^ JlL
O r 'l c K the other hand, i. inriolisiiU?.
li maj'bc * f I le says he is or “ J hey
••ay he is L;oIiU. M )
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40
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(<*>)
FINALS.
Enmoun.
(tU'ii®)-
Spoken.
(t
Ct) E t
— E (-
CONNECTIVES.
' 70 )
(t)^
257.
H' (v* )M : — M
1 c t H : M*
THE PAST DEFINITE
VERBAL FOR 1 M.
axii
THE FUTURE DEFINITE
VERBAL FORM.
(Each having the same pcculiar-
ilics as the present definite form
Forms hiving the force of “ in ord¬
er to“for the purpose off “to,"
and used with the verbs “ to go"
{“)} c |') and “to conic" (
Examples
He is going in order to work.
I came to get the money.
Connectives used (/) zehen fol¬
lowed by a result—and translated by
‘as", “since", “because", “when",
“and", (,).
(-) 1 1 hen followed by an ex¬
planatory clause and translated by
til'd, (,).
W and °l| are used with a vowel
radical.
“* and—°l| are used with a,
consonant radical.
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KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORM§.
41
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun. j Spoken.
is used as the verb "to be "
| * with adjectives,
j 4;9; io; \ 2 ; 305; D ) v] is used as the verb “to be’*
1315* | with nouns ending in a consonant
j sound and is used with those
1 ending in a vowel sound.
I
i > 1
. ! Note—These forms agree in lime
1 !
i with the completing clause following,
j though they are seldom followed by a
j past tense, the past verbal participle
• (°-|) usually taking the place of
in such a case.
1 Examples of (l)
j «|7ha.vli£4 < 3 c l-
j j 1 As it i.-> raining we cannot go (but as
1 stated in 70-note «1
i ! ' 1 k&. As it rained wo did not go.)
j j ; l i°l t; -!- 5 r 71°!-^
| I < It is hot today; do not build a fire,
i 1 Example of (.2):-
! ! :
! ; c i s >
I ha’. <. read the CI100 Yek (Y i King)
1 and the ideas in it are profound.
(70
Connectives used os "If ^ (:Yo.
yd) toit marking the cause with more
deji/uh ness.
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42
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS-
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun.
(-)!
Spoken.
iL
I'or 3 :See No. 164.
Examples
i £. | Since Spring has come the weather is
f -5" U] Ajf- | ! pleasant.
t See j - 11 } 5.^ H £ 1 M ^ 'I 7 P-S. ’£
V]r.|.
llecause the sea has risen the boat is
pitching.
|f V] ATf-
t>] v] ^4
Forms used as k*| (No. 70.)
*|f /r T is used as the verb “to be” with
ad'd ••dves.
•*-*| V]*ir is used as the verb “to be” with
n<>u"s ending in a consonant sound, Vj ^4
’viih i•!<'• e ending in a vowel sound.
Examples
i sjx-
A*. the weather is cold I put on an
I nVc:VOnt.
1 4- B rj£W''raHiM^=£
As the water is deep we cannot cross.
°i 4 4 i “I M M r % 4 ?i *1 *X
He is a young man and so he makes
many mistakes
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
•KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
43
CONNECTIVES.
(/3),Enmoun.
'( 74 )
(75)
t!*i
Spoken.
Connectives used with :
■•erfrs of anion 10hen
followed by an 1 xpit
h 7 /’:ry
< /a use-
—and trails-
tated by “and ’, (.).
(T)k ,? l
cl and S'f are u.
• J Vv ii
h p
my
\crb radical
cm
1 1 a( 1! «1| )lv_* !!
3. 243.
-•> u
V-' L.
cd
•* 1
3?.
if A tl.
i A ?-\\7 jl AA
-J- r*
j— .
0 -
* -H M
=t S! >=: £}
I j
< f food *
.1 j»i 1
i' ; '
red.
nee oread,
1
\
'•( tl 1
r*
.d li
ki,
v ;.
of tile best
) tli*::; <?.
i
1
1 j
i ’ !
, i
clv.v.v. , sizes r . .
. . 'i> .
J". '3
OJ t'UU< t/fh»,
1
1 *
a/u/ ('/tnnh/*.* v
$ •
' ,V<
’h
' an
t -plan.': <ty
1 1
I
. b:ns> , ti'i i^ic'iod 1 >;*
V
■ j
£ *1 i
1 isn-vdas-
• ! " <
iviti
’ ;i<
I'.cciive-'i.
I
<cl®!a„j '44V-a
nouns ending wi r>. c
^■T'] with :i('Uii.- v
11s
aiding
Ctl
in
as “ to be” with
.>; id t- and
a vowel sound.
297.
j *
i
j
*-
^rr 7 ] A
v!-
j-
0
1.-
*1'
The Ail mu Iain is sleep us though cut with
a knife. Kven though one wish to go up he
canm >t get a footli old.
('ounce fives used ss ”5* CJ (A r <». jo) hut
implying that the prece-img clause is completed
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
44
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun.
Spoken.
(T ^ ).£■ M
I 7 »; 173; 239 -
before the time of the completing
clause following.
and t are ad¬
ded to the past verbal participle.
Example
c f
Since you have done your work
well I will give you good wages.
(76) tVM
s>
( 77 )
tiM
I
Tlie future form used as *&’ n.
The connective form of V
£]■ having the force of v|
No. 70.
Example
W hen Spring comes all things
awake to life; therefore it is called
a happy season. .
1 he connective form of tJc
£)■ having the force of *0*
No. 70.
Example
‘-FCSM'S #31
I «|<4
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS,
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun. .
Spoken. ! If you go out where it is chilly, I
am afraid you'll catch cold; so be care-
g (t)-H £
•MS!
MS
. A connective I hiving the for cc of
i M (-' o. jo.) that looks toward the
j Jst. person or chief subject of the sentence
• or paragraph and is followed by a reply
. of word or action — always i m p ly i n g
\the presence of two persons , Translated
‘by “as”, “since”, “and”, (,).
; "H ^ is used with the radicals of verbs
in
,^t\ is used with the radicals of verbs
in
6 ] ;£ is used as “to be” with nouns
ending in a consonant sound,
with those ending in a vowel sound.
0T)-iM ; TiM iM and ^1 are used with the
• _i
radical of verbs in c |“
"|iM;iM and ^ are used with the
M Vi 2 VI radiCal ° f VCrbS ‘ n ^
s r "1 oj-||of] an ,j ^ V] arc used as “to
D 1 "I ’ ■*! be” with nouns ending in a consonant
sound while and ^ ') are
used with those in a vowel sound.
> Examples
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
46
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun. ! Spoken.
*HSe!
(80
^<i)«l (t)H'
5 K
He asked who the Sages of the East
i were and I told him Confucius and Men¬
cius. (Here Ifl'l d looks toward the
• 1st. person, I).
. 3 - 4 !
Bceai.sc that man asked me to go I went.
Connectives followed by a contrary clause
1 in the form of an interrogative.
Examples
When l am singular why do you weep?
1 } “’-f
When \ ( u asked to go the big road why
cio yon lake the -mall one?
(The opposite of ~>i ’^f ) Connectives
having the force of tH (Ah. yo.) that
look fro';: the let \ eson or chief subject of a
suit nee or in,ray r t .ph -out arc follouvd by a
re fly of ?i *•••/*./ or uc-'i ut, in flying the presence
of two persons. Translated by “as ",
".since"’, “and", (,).
Example.- •-
1 or he (the chief person) asked what
is Tong-hak and they said it was working
through the chief of Spirits.
1 L-?!-
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
47
CONNECTIVES.
. Enmoun. Spoken.
I
J
I
& a e)-
1 t* >l(i Iiim to go by a four man chair
and he he wuuM go on horseback*
£
C anni cti;\ s Joining (/) p h ra s c s
(82). pointing to h t! fallows immediately an i
» in order. /aliny f/n sane subject.
, ( j) phrases that hare a similarity
ami are placed in contrast] translated by
“br.t ", "labile \ “anil". (.).
( >) : eon Is an * phrases and UP'd as
a conjunction.
JlL is added to ilu- radical of verbs
i#ci-)a;a ( t)3;3L
•_ —, . *5L is added to the radical of\eihs in
T SL -frji
c r
1*^*' 1*^"’ jJ_ ; s used as the veil) “lobe” with
til-M adjectives.
*$■ J2L °) JC is used a- the verb “to be’' with
jl ej- nouns ending ui a consonant sound.
» , C wit’ll tli* jsc ending in a vowel sound.
: 3., Z * ■#**■***
See No. 164.
Note—The i‘JL clause is direct¬
ly influenced by the verb of the com¬
pleting clause following.
Example of (1):-
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
48
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun.
(» 3 )i
»
Spoken,
Ml JL?1
°43l JL 7} 2| jLS.
^ "M c t
Let us paper the doors and win¬
dows, clean out the room, stuff up the
rat holes, build a fire, spread out a mat
and go inside.
Examples of (2):-
t a.
1
One went south while one went
north.
°1 ^ £3.t *H -MPT C V
This thing is beautiful but that is ugly.
Example of (3)
H1 sl H-T -2. ■% *1 £
Let you and I, whether we live, live
' together or whether we die, die to-
1 gether.
Connectives joining phrases that bear
; on the same thought but arc equal and
I independent of each other except in time .
joins phrases that follow,
1 *t‘ n ^ phrases that go side by side,—
so they are the same in time and tr|
is often translated “ while)
if) 3 t; 5 L and 'H are added to a vow-
' cl radical.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
49
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun.
&
Spoken.
°] 3 -’ 3 -
ta 3.
74 -
*“■ ^ -M an d J2L are added to
a consonant radical. Sec No. 147.
and 3 - arc used as "to be"
with nouns ending in a consonant
sound, and 3 - with those in a
vowel sound.
? 3 L is used as " to be ” with ad¬
jectives.
Examples
=. °t-£- i-5.Ji.ot <a
iS?t
°i e t
He takes in with his cars, keeps his
eyes open, uses his tongue and thinks,
(at the same time)
•£?!£.=.§. >4
It goes in at one ear and out at
the other.
Connectives formed by the past
verbal participle of the verb, (/) making
zdiat precedes one zoil/i the completing
danse fd/moing, —(a much closer con¬
nective than *S* '■'J or t 3 L) trans¬
lated “having”, "and", (,)
(_?) Marking -idtat folllnos as a result
translated by “as”, “because", “since”,
“and", (,).
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
50
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
CONNECTIVES.
(85)
( 86 )
( 87 )|
Enmoun.
S]>okcn.
tHit 4
10; 17; 18; 46; 59;
/ D. / QO.
tH-Mt-S i
I
i
■£
►
57; 140.
For the formation of the past
verbal part. Sec Nos 147 to 160.
For
- 0 ^, see No. 164.
Examples
I -ucl; being against him, he
was ruined.
The weather is so hot that
one cannot stand it.
To see by doing or having
done—to try.
I Example
0^0]. zj.
Try that work.
To be in the act or Condition »>f
doing.
J example
*) vj- ?.}-*] ^
That nation is going to de¬
struction.
A connective preceded Ay a
clause expressing what (under the
circumstances) is necessary.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
5 »
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun. ;
Spoken. i s added to the past verbal partici-
no; 204; 245;!
254; 258.
Example
lie must take medicine if he would
( 88 )!
1 live.
is in this case and many others
; has the force of " only.” See No. 126.
1
1
• Condition d cornu ciii'ts used whcn %
!
itH'fcr the eiraimsUuires, the rhr/se fol¬
lowing h o n-:,, or u U:t">'l result,
translated be “if", “whn".
and t— aii. used with vowel
He _ ~S. ! IS- -r - fS- radicals.
-fcf; u **T u.’^T; u
and
are used with con -
'3;«; 19; 29; 33 ;
1^2- sonant radicals.
Examples:--
! 1 jL2.2.rf<3
If it stands sideways «t looks bi^, if
endways it looks small (as a ship-each
1 of these completing clauses is a neces-
s saty result).
If it rains the roads v. ill be muddy,
(a necssarv result following rain.)
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
5 2
CONNECTIVES.
( 90 )
77 \
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:>) Enmoun.
Spoken.
ct 5a ) c f 'a
)
•f-HS
tT|§
50 .
added to the past verbal
part, lias the force of “if he had
*1 ^ added to the past verbal part,
has the force of “if he should” “if lie
could
Examples
If I had eaten I think I could have
gone another ten li.
If I could eat it would be well.
A conditional connective used when
the clause following is not a result hut a
choice , translated by “if’, “when”.
""H *tT is used with the radicals of verbs
in *-}*.
is used with the radicals of
verbs in
°l ^ is used as the verb “ to be ”
with nouns ending in a consonant
sound, -Si with those ending in a
vowel sound.
^ is used as the verb “ to be ”
with adjectives.
Examples
-fright
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN - GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
S3
CONNECTIVES.
I Knnioun.
(90
Spoken.
IT tlic day is lino lot us go for a boat
ride.
4
"daml-H-g:-
It it is dark one cannot read, (a natural
result)
Il it is dark I will li^jht the lamp, (a
j choice)
If Km) Syopang comes I will give him
i tile mono) . (1 lore, w in-llur from agreement
; beforehand or whatever, ic may be' the giv-
| hig is a necessary result ul his coming)
Il Rim Syepang comes I will give him
| the money. (J lore it is a matter of choice
I resting wholly with the speaker).
i
I Pa si imfci feet connectives joining two
| .statements bearing on the same subject—which
| otherwise Jiaac no relation to each other. Trans-
! kited by • < an«r , t (,). (Xot connecting what
j immediately follows jn time as t-3. or
what is the same in time as
>* dH ! C 1M is U3C«I w.'lh the radical of verbs in
Ejv} i C t
| ^-J d is used \\ itli the radical of verbs in Sj-
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
54
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun.
Spoken.
49; 82; 93.
1 "t - H is used as the verb “to be ” with
! ,. .
j adjectives
is used as the verb “to be” with
nouns ending in a consonant sound, 2^ ^
with those ending in a vowel sound.
Examples
Tliat man was reading the book and is
sleepy, (common subject—man)
The dog was barking and a thief has
come, (common subject—house and goods)
The weather was hot and now it is
raining, (common subject—weather)
Note—Being a past imperfect connec¬
tive corresponding with (*$" )«- r | 2}*, it can
never have for subject “I" or “we”. Also
the fact that it should be translated “and "
is seen in the occasional use of ^ after
d M-
Sentences illustrating the difference be¬
tween
ifJL- <*j and
They prepared the site and built the
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS, 5<j
CONNECTIVES.
| Enmotin -1 Spoken. | house. (Here the bail<l!ng follows immed¬
iately the preparation of the site.)
While preparing tile site they built the
house. (Here the binding and preparation
of tlie site went on together.)
e| c -MH r ;j-&*l$U
They prepared the site and built the
house, (liere a:i interval elapses between
the 'preparation of tin* site and the build-
in;;—like two independent pictures having
the same ba< h i;round.)
foj)' i ad*led to the past verbal part-
105; i 1 5; 29*5; ieipic-io f.-rm tin p.i-t perfect i\,nncclivi: t
205; 30c. ; having the v.i**! .Vc» ^ cj vj except
that ‘*1 * and ** u. '' n.iyb. i.-.*d as tile
. r.nbjreN of ^ -j u j, it being no long-
«•*■ .tinned action in tin. pa l but eoni-
iliL-teilci.li.Mi.
1 Mx.inr. h :•
1
M-S
■ I ha*.: don* a great de>: of work and feel
. I . ,v;v ,\\c • '!.• fueled actum
;»•/*. u over*? J.\ n by ze/ut h*!ivze$ m :he clause
j afar-—hit same subject . r referring tj
; the siime pcesn: before an 1 of ter. Translated
1 by 44 while “ v* hen
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
56
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun.
-1 n 7 f
i
i
i
Spoken. |
is used with any verb radical.
(W is used with nouns in a con-
136; 49; 5 2; 261 sonant final.
: 2.}* 7 t* with nouns in a vowel final.
is often used as a contraction
■for
i Examples:-
; ! •g-fl’d-’ff-s.dal t’S
|
In stud\ in;4 if you stop half way it
is useless.
°>1 7 f c \ 7 }£ e J- °t ®/> Vi
&.
j 1 As 1 went through the valley I met
i
a tiller.
I ' As I was goin^' alonjr tlit: road I
took sick. (Here llie person is the
same then,.:- subject of the Verb
may lie said to iv di I'm at.)
(94) f ^ ' K is : lia- past \ erbal. ./
1 (■■***. -)*>£• -»->/> 1 i »*/<* r/ <* • 7/ A .’A’< f SnT/i
■ lv 1 • “**;/ ■*
JU w.’: •! :!u iU ti iiri /. ti y.';r. /,»//»» t v
if. Tr.mslaud “ and ”, (,).
Kxamplc
F la‘ , a V -l lJ l'-1 r< 3 C PPI 3
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
t
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS,
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun. ’ Spoken.
( 95 ) CJ-7J. 'cj. 7 |.
i J
foS) 1
# (tH-4 (f4i. -M
^ o| wf o| uf
Td
i; 9: si; 89;
151; 1 sij
I studied foreign languages and
; find t!
icm useful 1
n such a time as
this.
1
1 cojiiuctivc
implying ; Jl:) /} tJL
point?
1
or hiking r,.
>///. owfilial
1 tioii.
E
-xamplc
; b )
1
^ 5 «=f 7 f-f a| <>}■ § *
ir. \
1
Ta!
« this bool
c and give it my
youny
^ter of a boy.
. v
' • w } ice live
2 ’i*flying in (feci-
sir"! -- ■
oanslalcd
by “ though
1 1 N'in.t i
.or "
• > o’
“about
* »
*+ is
u ■■*■<) \v 2 (:j
\oucl radical,
—H-
is used >•. i'
1 a consonant.
radical
°ld
is used \i’i*!
Roup.-. in a um-.
sonant
final. s
■r Xo. m;.
tli noisii'. in
a vowel final.
td
1 -> i.^ocl :s
<■' k<: “ w i t h.
a<ljecii\
vs.
K>
Whether we live or die ].-l n,
settle it.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
1
58
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun. j Spoken. ’
' If*)
| W hether one eats or goes hungry one
must be free from anxiety to get alorrg.
I
W Supposing we have some dinner.
! About a hundred persons assembled.
i
[ Note—Used interchangeably with
j£ and °| £|*.^c. when meaning “al¬
though", “though" and not requiring defin-
i
itenoss or decision.
. is ad (led to the radical of any verb of
action, and means •“ to (do)” with
implying doubt.
Example
It looks as if lie were gone.
./ <7v///«v/y;v •y/'tyi'ibf dceisiofi and trans-
* lated 4 * though ”, ‘‘although \
5 : ks added to the past verbal participle.
(f )*+
( 97 )
w-tmuiis is useil with nouns ending in a
I 0 i r- o] 2.V consonant sound, 2-j"with nouns end-
11
*7? 1 „ « ■ ing in a vowel sound.
' -*3 ! tsl , k , (J\
,0..; 116; , l-x^mplcs UJj
; 290. Though J do not cat I am not hungiy.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
59
CONNECTIVES.
I Enmoun. ! Spoken.
(98)
! 1
or f*| £j-.5c
i
(99)
(f M
$
•HH-H
«J o-j v] J >1
r
o| n] H si
I
j
i
S-WtH-MkaL 8 !
i4-i|T.i£t c 1 E f
Though Japanese goods are all
very well to look at they lack sub-
j stanlialily.
j Future forms with
Past perfect forms in Si.
■
*
i
. I connective marking contrast and
translated “but
■H L> u>ecl with the radical of
• ver!)s in
2 \ is used with the radical of
, verbs i.i
and D ) "H aie
! ir.se with nouns in a consonant final
; and and w i t U
I nouns in a vowel linal.
Examples
'S144-.
As he asked 1 will go but in my
heart I dislike to.
!
There is rice cooked but how
| about the fan rlinv 5
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
CONNECTIVES.
I Ennioun. I Spoken.
(100)
m
I
( 101 )
^ o|E|-;a|-
i; 16$
6 J -& % i M -f o] -2-
AJi'lJI cj.
Tour work you do well but this pilfering
will not do.
. / connective added to the full form of the
verb or to a noun and marking insufficiency .
Translated—“but”.
Examples
t> lU*1531-5114:
The teacher is among the hills but the
clonus ,.e thick and you will not find him.
r> ) -r~'t-(L
They say say there is a one-eyed king¬
dom but who has seen it?
I
Note—The connectives in.’ "H
and °|‘ c. are often used interchangeably
and carelessly in speaking.
.T connective used xeii/t quotations (in¬
i' direct narration) or u\~ a rest in a paragraph.
k) £}, tlf- j t j a’- an .j t>] arc USC( j w ith nouns
D | Sj- 3. 1 in a consonant final, ELj’and S]* jL are
4i 8; *5l *6; 1 used with nouns in a vowel final. Trauslet-
:5: CS: "! ctl—" is called - they say
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
CONNECTIVES.
I Enmoun.
(.02) f £ *1 ah
f
< io 3 )
I
i
<S)*|eh !
—y|ah
t A eh
°J A eh
I i
I
l
i>'i
Spoken. Example
«h “I a| 7h*h
a ^ SH^hS
v|e|.
J hey call the people of Africa Heuk-
j ///• (Tlie people ol Africa are Heuk-in they
say)
j Note—Used also as a final. See
No. 41.
.1 ( ouncetii'C win king action andheiv -
j },, K the fone of a rest or break in a par-
' ^graph.
i 1 -
Example.-
!#^iyieh
Uic work is all done; I have no need
'if coolies.
A co mice the marking past action , con-
! 'htion or character an! having the force of
. a rest or break in the paragraph*
is used with verbs in a vowel
l radical.
*eT^| is used with verbs in a conson¬
ant radical. See No. J47.
£*l 2 h is used as “ to be ” with adjec¬
tives.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
03
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun.
(104) 1 7 ] £j*
01 ’J AC I £|-
n1*
(105)1
Spoken. vi 7 "'! is used as “to be” with
j nouns ending in a consonant sound,
1 L - Sj* with nouns in a vowel sound;
1 Example:-
' t af ,£.£. c l
The day is late; the cattle and
• sheep are coming home.
1
Future connectives having the force
of a rest or break in a [eivograph.
Example
If the king is unenlightened the
kingdom will fall, loyally remonstrate.
jy? _ i connccfc'i used in indirect naira-
(ion and added {■> the simple ajfmnatk\
or imperative t erms of the verb.
Examples
t £ )C\ JL *] 7 j- <& C f^'c
He says that he knows all about it.
(-i-)Jn. sj- 31 ii E r ^ S v )
lie says that ho is making the fire.,
lie asked that we marry.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
6 3
CONNECTIVES.
| Enmoun. ! Spoken. [ * 3 -fit'll
;tc}jL; ej-ji
Tic says he dislikes going to
• 263. Seoul.
He said he intended to do it
quickly.
249.
(
v|c|.
I Ic is telling me to c it more.
X
Tlvy'say that a boat was
wret kcal.
?}*\ 2 l. 5 ..'fc'S!^ 4 0 ] : S
II : iie grave 'it/ be good it is
said the children ;m prosperous.
Note—In tlio.ve sentences 3 L
may also be I‘ft out w*\li«.*;il alt M-
ing tile scissr.
(ior>)
A toHHt'ctii'C marking a / ) nf-
• i t if \ 1 A/a wn two actions or co)i~
f li r ms. Translat' d "rather than”,
“even though”, “however*'.
1*1^ °lSi is used with nouns in a
°r Cj consonant final, ^5 ^ with nouns
ol CA in a vowel f*nal.
I t-L 6
Examples
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
64
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
CONNECTIVES.
Enmoun. | Spoken. [ **M***nm
| '•SF**IOT!'4
! , Even though I should die I
! will not yield.
I D)-E|-
Rather get thin on water than
1 fat on one’s own words.
• H=
However poor a man might
be, would he go as far as to
l
' steal?
' i
i I
I I
COMBINATIONS.
(iO/). (*S')2.|:(5l)'fe* c "|' ■ 2-|-.jL and 2^ jL are used
(-g*)^ (c|* with a vowel radical.
!le>jLfc|. — and -2}3L are
used with a consonant radical.
! 3 L is retained or omitted wilh-
i out altering the sense.
To intend (to do.)
I
Examples
He has brought a club and
: intends to fight.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
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•
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL TORMS.
COMBINATIONS.
Enmoun.
Spoken.
•S^deM-iddDt
lie intends lighting the lamp
and has gone to buy oil.
(108)
Id-td
To be likely (to do); may be
able (to do).
Examples
i? fEdd i
The day is very dark and
*«*«+
t*K
20 .
1
,
chilly, it is likely to rain.
Though you work till tomor¬
row you arc not likely to finish
if*
1
1
It.
'SiJ'dd^T-S-
With a family of three, if one
have a thousand 'yang lie may
be able to live a year.
( 109 )
(t)A^
/ think (hr) has if one; he
must have done; il must hr usual¬
ly followed by i£ .
To wish (to do).
Example
1
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
1
66
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
COMBINATIONS.
Enmoun.
Spoken.
When I am inside I am un-
(t$)4t c F
easy, I want to go out.
and D
arc added to the past verbal
participle.
To be good (to do); to be
| (jnake) ob/e: to be likely (to do).
Examples
j 3- d-t*
As that tree is straight and
measures an armful it would be
good to make a beam.
If you water that flower night
and morning it will be likely to
live.
The odor is inviting, it will
be good to eat.
To be possible (to be done); to
be worth (doing).
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
67
combinations.
; Enmoim. Spoken.
<.T 3 ) l Cg)ta-S-
J
I
i
i
*'* * 3 ) t :h ’y-JL
td D fM
«t)4-
R\ p :imj*!cs
-g ^ *| h- 3 t H -H f
tft-S-
Jkin|4 skilled in writing and coni*
pu-ilhsn, ii is pu-diiV for him to suc-
civd at i :•
Jau.in.ilions.
'cH!
Shanidi
;*i is worth seeing once.
To ht
■•n the /nint of (doing); to
<//;/. v.,/ (
).
£
«a t
54:
Tin: »i.
Tm ;;,I\g «' SV.ddv M kick
md lie wi
*; aliil. ist killed.
To A
//.v i’lif .
Rxampk*
wj ^VAl -g
«?• O) S'] ^ EJ c: y-* o) Ej-
A - J had m.thing to eat I.
'v;b not on!;. hsio.My I .ft my head
.l '!l 11 . i \u ii .
( ce In inly ii Is (done >>r so.)
Crtnin'y U A (done <>r so.)
J 'orn/s implying <xrtuinly.
The weans of (doing).
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
6 S
KOREAN GRAMMATICAI. FORMS.
i
COMBINATIONS.
(>' 4 )
Kumoun.
(us)
Spoketl.
H- AC i
<> ir V
I
t* I-
(n/VCl^l.-or
yl-’ftH.1*1
Idl'd *l-
:<t
Forms added to different
parts of the verb having
the force of “ whether...
or”.
A verb of action.
(present)
Example
fe:*l 0 l-M t
fe *1-2.3.5U c f
Whether he is work¬
ing or not I cannot tell.
Form used with a verb
of action, (past)
Form used with a verb
of condition or character.
Example
£4*12. *1 e Pd
W hether it is good or
not one must have seen
to know.
Forms used with tlu %
future.
J Examples
Whether he will do it
j 'veil or not you must try
j him to know.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
69
COMBINATIONS.
Enmoun.
<118)
*3*1
t-a*i
: t*l
&XV.-C7-)
Spoken.
* 3*1
-$■=!••£; e f 4
fit£4
W hether to do or not.
Past forms.
or with
uL ?'}; t- *]
(n 9 )*;**;£■£
c F^' 5 f-^r
the instrumental case mean
“however much” and are
generally used with oys.z)
"fr iAj I ■&" -g-;”|r.£. ^ • S0< 1 with the negative end¬
ing c -}' means “to be
- unable ” (to do),
j In a command with the
i negative a }'£j'—“do not do!”
L is used with a vowel
radical.
XTis used with a conson¬
ant radical.
This is a noun form (the
doing) and is translated “since
doing”, usually connected
with time.
Example
It is one year since I came
to Korea (my coming is one
year).
Forms added to different
parts of the verb and giving
■i*
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
7 Q
COMBINATIONS.
Enmoun.
( 130 )
FORMS.
(t>£
Spoken.
ct)i
it the force of an accusative case after a
transitive verb. Translated by “how to”
or “to”.
Note—These forms are generally
used after < ^ c |' with its negative
3 . 3 .*}.
Examples
■a *i c i
~X £h
e eT
He knows how to write.
a-SiaH) 3. qt •£-&•§ 'i
I had no idea that that fellow could be
so wicked (to be so wicked)
Present participle, (adjective form)
cl is added to the radical of the verb,
(sometimes radicals in 2 drop the be¬
fore cl as ■%*}, -r C.)
This has the force cf an adjective or sub¬
ordinate clause. “(Do)ing”, “who is
(do)ing ”.
The man who is doing that work is old.
(sometimes contracted to in s p c a k i n g
quickly)
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UNIVERSITY OP CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
71
FORMS.
<I2I)
Enmoun. | Spoken.
(f>^l (t')'H]
"(*?)*»»] a! e|
1
I
j
I
The Adverbial form •
is added to the radical.—translat¬
ed “to do”, “so that he may do”;
having the force of an adverb as “do¬
ing
Examples
t
I
I
5 -
Please tell that man to do the work.
Open the door so that the wind
may come in.
It lias become impossible to live
(not liveable it lias become).
(■«)(£) (£>
I
(f)'a (t)>a
Fast participle (adjective form).
For the formation of this, see Nos.
147-160. Translated “ having done ”,
“(who) did”.
Perfect participle (adjective form).
Translated “ who had done”, "did”.
Example
“lie'll
1 14 .
The teacher who taught characters
has gene to his native place.
Past participlc (adjective form). Used
with verbs of condition or character.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
73
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FORMS.
Enmoun.
Spoken.
CU'sr
j
|
f£ o ]
5 ) <X>
<£>7i
6)
This is a beautiful flower.
Future participle, (adjective form)
2 is added to most verbs in a vowel
radical.
-g- is added to most verbs in a con¬
sonant radical. See 147.
Usually translated by a clause “who
will (do)" “tobe done" Also used in a
past sense, as 'g^ “When (I) went”.
Examples
1 y c] ui if.
There is too much work to be done*
oj
As it is a long distance I cannot go.
is added to the participles (adjec¬
tive forms) and has the force of
l T crbal nouns.
I.
Taking the different case endings of
the noun. See No. 137-146.
II.
Taking the different case endings as
seen below.
Used (1) as the subject of “to be ”
with an adjective.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS,
FORMS.
Enmoun. [ Spoken. | r 2 ) as a verbal noun “may” with 73 or
(before).
Examples
t °l t -f il k 4H s.t ll
Work of any kind is easy enough to speak
of but difficult to do.
-il IMS'*
Agriculture and study are different from
one another.
While awake I cannot forget it. (lit. be¬
fore sleeping)
l] ^ is added to any verb radical—and is
used with e verb
and 13 f" cl and translated “grant that (/*')
did so”, “ as for doing so (lie) did, but”, "as for
being it is so, but”, “it is true, but”.
Example
$il k 4i°t k
It is true that he knows but.
is used generally with sometimes
preceding, sometimes following the noun and
translated “until”, “up to”, “even”.
after anoun means, “till”, “to”, “until”,
“even”.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
74
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FORMS.
( 127 )
Enmoun.
“His
I Spoken.
’iWrUM
6 I ">15.
Dative and instrumental forms
of the verbal noun.
7 HJ and TlM«« used
with the radicals of verbs in
C J-
and ^ Vj are used
with the radicals of verbs in
c }\ See No. 79.
Examples
Because of his asking me to
come I went.
2 .
Of what is good we speak as
good; what is not good shall
we call good?
(128)
The accusative form of the
verbal noun .
Used (1) as an object of a
verb .
(2) interchangeably with
if to introduce a quotation or
indirect narrative.
I] lj is used with the radical
of verbs in c |**
^1 § is used with the radical
of verbs in c }\
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
75
FORMS.
Enmoun.
( l 2 9 ) (f >.!£•%■
1*4
‘30)1(1)5)
Digitized by
Spoken.
Examples
W|7ht'ej jail* til
2i|tM
k*H4*+
You are fond of drink and
gambling, so you are a rake and
not a scholar.
fell'd
1 Ie says that this time the work
has certainly succeeded.
A connective marking a point
of time or expression of duration .
Translated by—“by”, ‘‘till”, “dur-
ing”, “while”, “the more — the
more”.
Examples
Me ’vent on an errand and has
not got back by sundown.
4*4*1 St-f c V
The longer one looks the more
beautiful it is.
f
“To be the thing (to do)”; “to
be a matter (of doing)”.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
7 6
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
FORMS*
i Enmoun. Spoken. Examples:-
| 1 4HW fecial %
| ; ■
Ill the 3rd. moon it is the
I 1
. 1 tiling to make Hoa-chun no-ri.
i ;
; One must have money when
it is a matter of building a house,
how am I to do?
I
Cf)£ 81/T C 1 { t ) fe
I
“Topretend” “(to do)”
“He must have (done)”, “it must
be”, usually followed by °|- {r .
(■31)
A connective used in books
! meaning “if ’ and usually accont-
: ponying a desire or a wish as
with “please”.
\
il is used with verbs in
H ^1 is used with verbs in ■£]••
I
1
Examples
S-3-t “1H4- ■a =(•
As for the meaning of the
Yi-king , if \vc speak ol that, it
l is deep and past understanding.
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KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS,
FORMS.
Enmoun. Spoke n.
U •LS.tyi:*}
If you have any money Jet us take
ourselves to a drinking' house.
If it please you may I become your
disciple.
<*3 2 ) *t *1
1 5
>d?
-I'll I
.(No. i.?8).
Forms Ssrd to introduce a quotation .
Example
3 - A t§
V«+*"H£
That man asked “where are you
going?’'" and—
<’») f *1H e t
(■34)
A>t aiding implying ivimt, is neces¬
sary, right, must 8 zc.
Example
Jf it is a matter of doing another’s
work one must do it with all one’s
might.
A connective corresponding to the
ending
0 3 5> £«^ cy
A form used in prayers, requests
§rc. “ may it be ",
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78
FORMS..
Enmoun.
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
Spoken. Example:-
°1 *1 «1 c f
May everything turn out as we
• wish.
-T'
i
CONTRACTTONS.
(136)
t ^ 3 L t c >
(lie) is telling (liini) t<> do..
f jL «1
Tell him to do.
(I l,e) says (he) is doin^ it
t C cfMc[-
(He) says (ho) is doing it.
-r c VAL^Pi|<=V
(lie) said that it is.
lie said he was doiii” it.
He said that it is.,,...
t C 1 -4- d)
He said lie was doin^ it
-*■??!?- t 4-t £' f c.
Although he v:ill do it
& J sj. D ) ?.y -s- u
ho is called;-.what is called*
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREA* GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
79
CONTRACTION'S.
jEnmoun. i Spoken. - i
37)
' i
NOL'NS
Having done.
fji.
And; did and.
vH=
Do you say he intended
Will call.
SHI™ 5 ! 1 *
I low was it ?
it is here.
As 1<> how to dr.
°J=t£M c t
, They say it is.
He did not; it was not.
Hu nominathc case.
**t < J & | i- s added to all nouns ending
; in a consonant sound.
1 : ,
Exceptions, j II. * 7 r i> added to all nouns end-
*1; in<j in a vowel sound
Examples of I
Ik °) (die man).
“I-H
3 .
e>3!3
< 3 ! 4
ttt
t> ltM c t
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f
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
So
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
NOUN.
Enmoun.
Spoken.
'S ; ^ (the rice).
Examples of II
l\ (the tiger).
(the ear).
Exception I
Certain nouns ending in ./* and ^ take
*1>^| aud according to the stress of the
voice on the final consonant—which conson¬
ant is sometimes dropped.
Examples
i 3M (the hat).
4; 4*1 (the day).
'it ; ^*1 (‘he field).
Exception II:-
is used instead of *>) with certain
nouns when the latter might obscure the clear
sound of the noun final in pronunciation.
Examples
■f H-; f4*l (the one).
4 (Heaven).
Exception III:-
In written forms | and "i>| often take
the place of "7 ]*•
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(138), Enmoun. f Spoken.
The Instrumental Case —also marks
direction or distance—“ by the “ with
the”, "by way of", "to”.
? This case is formed by dropping | of
gi the nominative and substituting **■'5.; or
Exception. 7 f and substituting Je,.
V, Examples
; TtAS
ujy)!
Exception /.'-
Nouns ending in 2 take Jc. for the.
instrumental case.
It;
The Genitive Case (of the)
This, case is formed by substituting
for of (the nominative or by dropping
{ and substituting
Example;-
A t§ tt l; did
Note—The genitive case is used only
•of persons or personified things.
U40}
The Dative Case, (to the)
dm This case is formed by substituting dm
in place of of the genitive case.
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NOUN.
Enmoun. Spoken.
( I 4 1 )
•I: 1 i
i Note—Usually as the genitive ease
; found with persons or personified things.
l
I
The Accusative Case, (object of the verb)
1 his ease is formed by substituting
i for b | > for "&| of tlie nominative, §
! for and by dropping | and sub'
stituting ^ in all other cases.
Examples
*H*I ;
*1 7 f ; ?F I
(142)
=1
t
The locative Case, (used in calling)
T his case is formed by substituting ^
: or **|* for 7 \ of the nominative, or by
dropping | an d substituting ■) or {••
(«43)
(M4)
The Locative Case, (on or in the; to the'
■ This case is formed by substituting
j for l\ of the nominative or by dropping
| and substituting H| in all other eases
1 The Ah'.1 live Case, (from the; from)
4 ] This case is formed by substituting *1]
for of the nominative and by dropping
I and substituting -ij i n all other
cases.
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83
NOUN.
ICnmoun.
Spoken.
is often contracted into
045)
#
The Opposilivc Cose . (the emphatic cane—
as for the)
This case is formed bv substituting for
of the nominative and by dropping |
and substituting HT or in all other eases.
Note—-This case ending is often added to
the other case endings for emphasis.
04^)i
*2
;
The Mitral.
The plural takes the name form as the
singular, except in cases where ambiguity
might arise and then •g’ is added to the noun
and takes after it all the endings that belong
to the noun proper.
(14 7)
//a Radical and J'orwotion of Pres. hie/.
In many verbs the radical undergoes a
change. As these changes arc made for the
sake of euphony, they are regular and can us-
! uallv be understood and accounted for.
I. Radicals in 2 sometimes drop the
2 . and become subject to the changes of
rowel radicals.
II. Radicals in ^ and /~ preceded by
certain long vowel sounds have one form be¬
fore and another before SLjL as
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$4
NOUN.
$14*)
En,moun.
( 149 )
..150J
Spuken.
Y
an
<1 C 1
sometimes a train as in
-a*.
4 I
(the negative) it does not admit of— JZ- at all.
FORMATION OF THE. PAST
PARTICIPLES.
(According to. the final of the radical)
Here tire radical forms the past verb. part.
l, written under, forms the past part (ad;,
form).
Tf c }- (to go) (p v, p.) if (p. p. a )
Here the radical forms the- past verb part.
u written under, forms the past part. (adj*
form).
h C V (to buy) h (p. v. p.) £ (p p. a.).
Exception IVerbs in S cj- f orrn their
p. p’s. irregularly.
II(-i*)C|. ( to . make) ^
(p. v. p) ^ (p. p. a.)
In each of these cases the radical forms
the past verbal participle, and *■— added forms,
the past past. (adj. form).
/H ^Y (To saw) ^ (p. v. p.) (p. p. a.)
cj. (Toopen).p. v. p ) ^ (p. p a.)
This is changed into to form the past
verbal x' 1 •
is added to the radical to form the past
part. adj.
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*5
( to S ow) ^ (p. v. P .)
(p. p. a.)
Exceptions
(to lift) J-L 5^ (p. v. p.)
(to be ill) Cp. V. p.)
( to be hungry) (p.v.p.)
I. Verbs in & ) c }’ preceded by a conson¬
ant change this | into to form the past
verbal part, t— is added regularly to form
the p. p a.
^ b ] c l" (to consider). ^ ^ (p v. p)
9l (P- P • a )
II. If the final of the radical be a diphthong
terminating in J , ^ is added to form the
}) v. p , the p. p. a. being formed regularly,
(ivheic euphony requires, is written in¬
stead of ^)
(to produce). M] H (p- v. p ) V ,H
(p. p. a.)
Exceptions
oil C f (to tic), ol] (p v. p.)DH(p.v.p )
^1 (t°takeaway).^] 6 )“ (p- v. p.)
fp. p. a.)
III. Verbs in & | t -}' preceded by a vowel
or ~o~ sometimes change this ] of the rad¬
ical into ^ but usually add to the
radical.
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$6
( 153 )
( 154 )
H "£l (to be placed) ^ (p, v . p.)
M ^1 (P p- a.)
^■ 7 ] & ] c |"(tobc concealed)^ l] 6 ] H
(p. v. p ) ^ l] (P- P- a.)
I. Verbs in _$L and change this into
or 5J- to form the past verbal part, the
past part. adj. being formed regularly.
(to come) (p v. p ) -$r (p p.a.)
II. All other verbs in JL- radical form
their past verbal part, by adding
^ 3L c f (to exchange). jL c }* (p.v.p.)
(p. p. a.)
c \ (to see) JL°}’ (p v- p) (p P- a )
Mote—There are some exceptions in ju.
and
changes regularly into and
^1 or adds 6-j to the radical.
Kete—There arc some exceptions in *4*
and
Verbs in n form their past verbal part
by adding J- or H to the radical as eu-
phony may require some nouns doubling the
consonant of the radical.
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«7
( 155 )'
056 )
(1>S);
(' 59 )
t Verbs in and a fonn their p. v. p.
by adding or to thp radical as eu=-
phony may require.
I
| ! Note—-There are some exceptions to this
j rule for *— with some verbs ending in
! H ! I- Verbs with the radical in J'; , and
i lose the ^ final and add to the
\ j radical.
I II. Verbs in j; J; -g-, and J drop
the y and add •£--] •
III. Verbs in drop the ^ and add ^
Note—There a few exceptions to this rule,
Verbs in 2 form their past verbal part,
by adding |* or ^ to the radical as euphony
may require.
Note—Some verbs in this class transfer
1 the 2 from the first to the second syllable
I
of the radical.
Note—There are a few exceptions in c }-
| •
It is impossible to give rules for this irreg-
*• ular class as verbal parts, are found in ‘h*b
and ifc} as euphony
i may require.
m
Verbs in *=]" form their past verbal part,
or "&| as euphony may require.
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83
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(160)
(161)
Verbs with radical in 2 , , or Jp.
form their past verbal part, by dropping the
final vowel, —-* X- or —|“ carrying back 2
to the preceding syllable and adding or
t'T as euphony may require.
Note—There are but a few exceptions.
The Causative , Passive and Intransitive
Farms.
These arc formed by inserting or "ol
after the radical—When the radical is in l
is inserted instead of & ] or "of.
Exaniplecs
(to eat). a -] c |* (to cause to cat),
^to seize). (to be seized).
c h (to drink). cj. (tomake
drink).
Note—I. Nouns with the radical in ~7
a or often take l] instead of i \\
j the formation of the causative—while nouns
in 2L take M *
II. Sometimes after a diphthong ^ i s
1 changed to J$L-
Honorifics.
With regard to honorifics there are two
i tilings to be kept in mind ;—
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89
r. The person spoken to,
r. The person spoken of.
The endings given above show the
. variation in form according to the peis
| son addressed; honorifics pointing to the
1
j person spoken of are generally formed
by the insertion of after the radical
; anJ then adding the regular endings as
before.
Examples
rf M Is he going ? (Ilon.-to per¬
son spoken to).
7} ^ Is he going? (low to both),
7|"^) V Is he going? (Ilon.-to
person spoken of).
7t>a M it Is he going? (Hon, to
; both).
j In both these cases (i) and ( 2 ) honorif¬
ics arc often expressed by the use of an¬
other word.
Examples :~
Common
form.
Honorific form
Translation.
«h2.
Brother; younger brother.
! To sit down.
- -r-^l
i Father.
1
i
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9 o
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
Common term.
Honorific term.
•M
S.&
$1; t*
Sbt-
•si d d
tdd
n
«!*1;
*)1td
i
d- H rd
#ddd
•ftd
. 1
f 'd^l
o
Idd dd
M-rdd
ddifdd
M
dd
tfttd
d d t '-I d
*<■1
i*w
tt c 1-
$l3tdd
-frd; dd
aid-
, dfl d
Translation.
To look into.
Son.
Mother.
Name.
To be (exist),
brother (of a sister).
To make; to do.
Older brother.
To deride.
Uncle (older brother of the
father).
Aunt, (wife of ^|)
Word; speech.
To say; to speak.
To cat.
To ask; to interrogate.
A grave.
Age.
To scold.
Teeth.
To tell; to say.
To get up.
Sister, (of a brother)
To go to bed.
Food.
Sickness.
*
■ To show.
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SCOREAM GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
9 *
Common term.
Honorific term.
-Sr
sf-Ttt'T
3 S*l't' c V
-94
^ 'i *1
•S-f-fd-
21 *1 c f
z
Z±
%
A-ef7fUc>
.sa| c >;-|M c !
Translated.
Ancestral district.
To look on; to see.
Peace.
To send a letter.
Uncle, (on the father's side)
To think of.
To think; to consider.
A younger cousin — (on the
father's side)
An older cousin, (on the
father’s side)
Surname,
To become angry.
To order; to command.
To accompany.
To sleep.
Given name, or style.
House.
Nephew.
To die.
To give.
(|6j)
3 - 5 .
JL5. is added to the present and past part, (adjec¬
tive form) of verbs of action and the participial forms
of verbs of condition or character — and means
"reason" ‘‘cause’’, usually translated "because’’
"since ".
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
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(163)1
Digitized by
if *f is used as a conjunction with nouns ending in a con-
; sonant sound, «£+ with those ending in a vowel sound —
; translated "and”, (,).
Used interchangeably with ■fjl No. Sc.
i
Forms like *»)■; ^£5.; p; i*i; S'] -r* ^J”>
! & ) are used as voice rests. Having no meaning in
, themselves, they serve simply as a preparation for the
j clause following, or to bring out this clause more clearly.
Gcx >gle
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SENTENCES
^ &
Astuokom V.
96 i^o ioo
4 4 ^ 4^4 4 $ 3 ^ 14 *
£ 4 ^ 4 4 *4 4 14 ^ 4
The sun must be already about the meridian line but as the
J day is cloudy I cannot tell exactly,
<*)
J
93
4 ££4 4 444-$434
It is bright moon light let us have a talk before you go. (or
supposing wc have a talk and go)
3.4^4 444$!
41 .( 9 ) 11
4 -T 4 M 4
The No-in (old man) star is at the south pole. It is said that
' one seeing it will live to a great age.
w #4^4444=44 4*4 4
IOI
The three stars are south of the Dipper and arc the ones that
correspond to the three chief ministers of state.
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9$
143
( 5 )
( 0 )
( 7 )
( 8 )
Among the twenty eight constellations Orion has the greatest
number (of stars) and is the clearest to the view.
>43 84
$2
88
141 12
55
At an eclipse of the moon they say that if you rub off ink
water in a pan and look in you will know what portion is (in tho
shadow).
55
It is a common saying that an eclipse of the moon is a dog
biting it off.
143 _f>8 101
^1«{jL y t *s-l1 ^ i
11
(9)
■f 4 t! 4
If the sun puts on an carring it is said to be an ill ejnen.
As the window is lighting up it looks as if the day v-cie
breaking.
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97
137 _ 70 _ 84 _
(,0)
The moon light shines in at the window it delights me so
there is no sleep (lit. I love it so &c.)
137 . *7
The milky way stretches across the sky.
As the wind is furious the boat will not come.
(I3)
As the East wind is blowing the crops will be injured.
137 70
(,4) 44 ^ *
The West wind hr - • up so that the day is clear.
145 101 11
(,5) #-§^44 f 6 1 4lTd 4
The South wind i.» 1 * I die ma ’param . (horse-wind)
145 101 12
(I6)
The North wind is cali< d the han-cuiparam.
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9 S
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
12 "
07)
'i 8)
143
$4
126
39
yfik&
On a calm clay it is fine to go down to the sea beach and
fish.
*37
70
*43
1 37
(19)
( 20 )
( 21 )
There was a whirl-wind arid the dust got into our eyes fit to
kill one.
*} -t f tN-fci 31^*1 m
3} '«Ri| ii-'t"# A
They say that if much snow falls in the winter, in the summer
of the following year it will rain a great deal.
I *j *8
108
A)*
The black clouds have gathered so that I believe there is go-
*43
inn to be a dash of rain.
o
13 7
88
*37
22
^ *5 *135 ^
If it hails before harvesting the grain will all fait.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
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99
MS
144
137
( 22 )
( 2 3)
( 24 )
( 25 )
^ 4- S ^1 -4 6 1 % 4*1
120
39
Round snow is like rice poured from the heavens.
^°>4*1 4"t M -I ^ 1*§■
_ _?2
As the rainy season has continued lon^ there ■will be a
famine.
*37
117
14
4 y}**
It has drizzled so that my clothes, arc ail wcL
5 ? $ 3 4 *^ 6 1 s .4 *1 ^ 6 1
T 37
127
101 11
( 26 )
(27)
5j}" 4 j£. 3} Si.
Looking chsely at one Hake of snow I find it has six corners
for which reason they call it the Ryoulc lion, (six flowers)
84 *45
137
*
2 I
As the frost has come ahead of time there will be no using
the late crops.
143
122
137
39
t^l 6 1'£*1^!44^'£XdL
The dew hanging on the blades of grass is like gems.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
1
loo
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
*37
(28)
(29)
( 30 )
(30
<3»)
(33)
70
I4t
yyv) 5]
As the mist has closed down one cannot distinguish what is
just in front.
88 82_ _88
They say that red clouds in the morning mean rain and in the
evening fair weather.
137 143 _ t 3 6 _
4 ?i 4*1 4 *i*s y 3 ^ 4
It is said that the sound of thunder is heard for a hundred
li.
147
70
$ ^ % t 4 4 $ £ 4
42
The lighting flashes so, what in the creation is it ?
4 31 44 q4 ^ 3 ^ ?u a *1
From the land slide there was a sound like a thunder clap.
*37 * 26 88
3 'Ll 4
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IOI
(34)
If it thunders before the silk worm has spun its web it (the
cocoon) falls.
_136_ j 45 j 37 8-2
^ -§• £-& 331^*1^ -fit
_I20 39
What is called a chin-tong is when the whole city is in an
uproar and full of rumors.
(35)
(36)
Cl?)
(3»)
90 137 137
• #.••••<
• • ,* ; •;
• .*. : !!•*•*•
V. V
The rain-bow stretches across with its shades like combina¬
tions of the five colors.
J43
H7
160
93
143 70 38
From the drouth the crops were drying up when a single-
day’s rain restored them; it was indeed wonderful.
145 140 14T 120
101
The Seven Stars (great bear) are those that guard the fort¬
unes of men.
.143 _52_
Let us. go to some famed mountain and offer sacrifice for
min.
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KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(39)
( 40 )
MI
*2
J 4 r
t • » i»l
<4 1 >|
C42)
t4^1
By looking at the twenty eight constellations we can guess
what district (of the earth) it is.
TOT 7' IOt IQ
*1 A S 6 1 e Vs>”t :& # -g & ] $
c \
• • (Of the comet) It is .sometimes called the ilai Sycng (brcon\
^taa*). aad sometimes the Sj/ yV.’/vy ■ (‘ lie death star)
An earth-quake is l* e n.c -t terrible of ;>jl (calamities).
#*4 ^ 6 1 wj § -g-^2.’fl C 1ij
$ VH 4
If a fire he built cn the top of f.h<: hills 'here will be no earth
quake.
(43)
&$ Solar i riuods—. .cascns.
In summer it is disagreeable because of the many dies and
mosquitoes.
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(44)
(45)
( 46 )
M3 J37 _»3&_ >-
7|--§. Wl| £ ?} % b] 3. y\\;
In the autumn the wild geese fly south.
i45
8:
21
( 47 )
( 48 )
70 126
Since for this year he will undertake no v. ork hut farming he
will have no worry about living.
%'S *) 3 T ^ H^ $
ns
5 . -*1 *3 ^
Because of a succession of prosperous years the peoph* /
great peace, (lit. live in peace)
121 u
X> 9ti
ffr* 1 ! 58
Because of there being a famine in e\vn place it Js an
sibilitv for the people to live.
^ x } 6 l ^
?y$\ ^ *H- 6 l
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KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS,
(49)
( 50 )
Tliis year is one of great plenty but last year having been
one of terrible famine we still feel the hurtful effects, (from it)
>\ \ ? 4 *t4
9*
H3
137
tf v| ojj jzzti y\. g ed
<8| Jf
1 his year while ploughing the fields I came upon a pot of
silver and suddenly became a rich man.
i37
90
(50
(52)
?j nr y \ ^ 'C* ^
22
Jr wf
Next year if the harvest turns out well I'll pay un mv debt
to you.
22 0.6
*1 "o ®1 x \ Hr ■§" vl
6] 4 51 7\
Even though you say you cannot do it in two years, will it
take three ?
'37
144
-H ^ ^ m c*j ^
84 107:105 >3 84 105
1 *1 ^ "t r H*^ 93
56
It is said that A7 “7<« /<?//■ who got drunk tried to rescue tin-
moon from the ’ Chai Syck river and was drowned.
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KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORM9*
IC5
137
70
138
(53)
So
(54)
; ^ *1"
i The day is cold; come into the room at once.
71 i-7
(5 5)
(56)
(57)
(57),
(60)
10
^ ^ t H *7 ^ *1 ^ i r ]“
As it is cool, sleep coines naturally.
88
*37
12
U T ’S # 6 ! ^ H ef-
If it is chilly dampness gathers.
The damp heat is terrible these days.
•37 • 6
I
, The weather is gradually getting warmer.
<;s)
It is hard pulling weeds in the scorching heat.
S-t
113
10
It is so hot one cannot bear it.
>43
61 blL
4 r
y? ^ IT-^ ^
On the 15 th of the 1 st moon the moonlight view is fine. (lit.
seeing the moon)
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I O' >
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 6 .)
(62)
(63)
(« 4 )
M 3
M 3
12
In the 2nd. moon on Cold Food festival the graves are visited.
137 88 144 JJ 7
12
When the 3rd. day of the 3rd. moon arrives the swallows come
forth from Kang Nam .
* ^ t ^ ^ ^ ^
67
sm
On the 8th. day of the 4th. moon there is the finest display
of illuminations, (the feast of lanterns)
143_ 82_
jlH
12
(65)
s. *
On Tcm-o of the 5th. moon there is swinging and wrestling.
M3
12
4-f wj £ -g ^ ^ ^ H
( 66 )
T^|*
On Lyou-tou of the 6th. moon they present melons, (to His
Majesty)
_143 __ 120
39
3 4 U
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
The 7th. evening of the 7th. moon is the time ulwn the
cowherd and the spinning damsel meet,
_'43 _
In the 8th. moon on Ilan-ka-onc we will have pine '
made from rice of the first harvest.
143 ‘37
(68, ^ ^ S) 6t| £ ^ V] T *
lot 12
It is said that the 9th. of the 9th. moon is the day ul; 1 t... ’
swallows bid us fare-well.
_i_43_ '43 T '" !
(69) ^
In the 10th. moon sacrifices are offered at the graves tnj
ancestors.
oo)! ^ h ®i *1 ^
1 2
On the winter solstice bean broth is made for sacrifice.
143 88
12
vj ej-
On the last night of the month closing the year, if yon sle *p
; your eye brows turn white.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
103
( 7 2 )
( 73 )
(74)
(75)
( 76 )
JSl
143
137
12
12
It is said that in tlic intercalary moon the box tree diminishes
an inch in size.
U 3
i *7
Js.
o
8?
q o)i ^ uj 3}6|
-f aL 3|-«| -§• V] n|-
On the winter solstice all the officers of state don their court
dress and present their compliments, (to the King)
Ur toi 8}
1#^ f *| efX-f 4
70
144
iHd 6 1 e fH, 4 -&
e o-
_ r 4^ T 2
-§■ t-
The 15 th. of the ;ih. moon is sometimes called I'aik-chyowvy
and sometimes Chyoung-ouen: then in all their temples the Bud¬
dhists offer sacrifice.
r 43
141
'< JOT »
^ 3*4 I 3 £ 4
On CJtyoung Vang (the 9th. of the 9th. moon) they drink
chrysanthemum wine.
i4r
TOI
82
t-i °l *i ■£ t f 6 1
J 57 ^
43
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
XOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
109
( 77 )
In the 12th. moon on the day which is also called Napllycn*
they kill birds and eat them (as a medicine)
*36 1 45 1 37 120
4 2 *1 ^ ^ 44
Id
120
4 *
UWlEt*h
As for the meaning of what is called lW;-il (the dog days) it
is an expression saying that they are the days when the cool air
has hidden itself.
( 7 »)
.M 3
'43
4
56
(79)
f8o)
(*0
^ ^ 4 ;
On the harvest home festival (15th. of the Sill, moon) they go
to the graves and sacrifice.
*4? __ >v _
In Syaptg Jlycji (: s t. quarter of the m.xn) there is a half moon
toward the west (lit. it is a west side half moon)
*43 41
6 i v i
In Ha Hyeil (3rd. quarter of the moon) there is a half moon
j toward the east (lit. it is an east side half moon)
*5 3 -£ t n i »i
Just before the cad o’ lh_- year o.u is >u;y ; lot us meet after
143 O'
(S’)
that
4 4^ 4 * A H1M
•37
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
1 lO
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
I came down two years ago and my term of service is al¬
ready completed.
(* 3 )
III
?1 ?1 ^ ^ *f I 51 e f
]n two years or so I will marry off my son.
145 *43_5_
The Sya-il (saci ificial days) occur in spring and autumn.
0 0$ Davs and Times,
In the 3rd. and 4th. moons the days are the longest.
' i ^6] ^ S ^ A? H e|
Because the nights are short, getting up in the morning tires
/ O -
one.
143 84 u»
8 S 137
f «l c f
They say that if you get up early in the morning and look
out toward the opposite mountains the clouds rise in volumes and
look like a screen, (lit. something made into a screen)
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS,
I i I
*37 70
143
120
m
&>>
^ y\ q H * ’S ^ $ 5! £ <&
‘37
S *1 ^
•Sow that evening has come the smoke from the supper fires
rises on all sides.
SL I ^ 4 :& e* 6 1 4T
47
A ]
.Conte this e*. citing and supposing w< puss the time, (in are use-
ntrnO
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d^st)Uj-AS| s,-S jfit-S- s ^1?1?
u
5U
Co 0
•Ml last ni^lu Ik tumble*! and lost a hundred
13:* S r
It is -ui>ny here let us «.j«> h'to the shade.
^ ^ ^ 3 6 ] ^ ^ »i $ -I- e
*5 v| ej ^ v] c t
i cannot sleep in the morning so 1 always get up Ucfoic day-
i Lre; 1;.
to)
01
^ 1H *TS *1 *1
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
_k
112
KOREAN’ GRAMMATICAL fORMS-
*4
129
03
7o
(94)
(95)
(96)
(97)
f9«)
^ ^ H. 4 ^ H
I have lived a lonely life these days and t thank you very
much for coming like this anti spending the time till dark.
?1 g t 3 6] « & 4*1 T
Make him come in early tomorrow please.
?o 138
You came late yesterday; what is \ our uea.w.n for it Y
143 »J*>
H -S- $ *1 11 t ^ ^
122
56
On a dark night there is nothing so terrible as going al<#ng a.
mountain road.
*3S
*4
So
$-£*13. «f v t T
Come at day light and do sewing.
70
'37
3S
*] s AS A f-8 2J-*| a
As the moon shines brightly thoughts of home at iso within
me.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
113
(99)
( 100 )
(101)
( 102 )
(103)
(104)
137 143 _7_o _I 37 S 4 _
-? ^5 *1 11 f) H M
H f 5 . A ^ ^
The gem reflects the sun so that one’s eyes arc dazzled and
cannot look at it straight.
i37_ 70 5°
This thing is somewhat damp; put it out in the wind.
_I37 70 137 141
^ $ 6] S\ V) yf yf^ % ^
jL 1 }
The shades of night fail and the crows and magpies are going
to their nests.
M 3 *4 Rt
?! fJ $ ^
T Vf'h
I'll come tomorrow at dawn to sec you and say good bye.
it ?! sj
It is so long since I saw you I am ever so glad.
14 f «.t 70
As he has taken several months to copy and send this book
I feel that he has been unfaithful about it.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS#
105 9 2 ! 37
cos); 4) -f 44444 44
; 4 4
I Ie asked to have it done soon but I have had such a bad
cold that I can send it only now.
(,o0) x^r'l 44^ 4 44^
44453 ^
Though he says he is writing it quickly because lie has an
unskilful hand he has not finished it yet.
(.0;) 4 44 4 4 44 4
J2.4 4^4 4 4
A moment ago he went in and after a little came out so that
V>
! I feel suspicious.
coo 1 ^=4 4 4 g- i* 4 y 4 £.
Please do not forget what I told you before.
0«vV «) ■§ 6] 3 . -f -§• vj A? 4-4X4 4
41414 # 4 4 4 4 U 4
4
Everything has become so dear that poor people like our¬
selves find it exceedingly difficult to live.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
115
H 6]44 444# $ f 4 4
From the present only docs he walk out with difficulty.
<"'> ^.41 4 4^4^4 6 U.
That man now is one doomed, (lit. life is but a moment)
145 70 20
(,,,) 44^44
Because you are hurried to-day I will come tomorrow.
<U5) 4*4 4£t 4*14^4
Have you been well through the night?
(i,+> 4 2 -£• 4 4 ^ 44 4 fi ^
I 3J $44
As tomorrow is the anniversary of the King’s death we can-
1 not have music, (lit. beat and blow)
We decided to set out on the second day but as luck would
; have it it blew and came on rain so that we could not go.
1
“ 16 £ 0 )^ 1 ^^ 4 S ±
; lkiy after tomorrow though the world goes to smash I'll go.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN’ GRAMMATICAL FORMS*
I 16
(n;)
(.18)
145
84
I
^ U 6 IH ? « e-f 7^1
48
ti
(As on) the third day is the departure of the envoy let me
follow in along with you.
M5
161
161
t>] A) 4
*}\
Yesterday lie said lie would conic and now at tlic last mo¬
ment lie is not here: wliat can it mean?
(I IP.)
12:
141
84
(I 40)
(Ul)
^ ^ 3 ! # ^ $3 4 -]
Day bcfoic yesterday you sent such a spread that we divided
it anions the several and dined .veil.
1 45
84
^ t 3 . 14 *1 <*3L * *1
SN't
On the 1st- day steamed bread is made and offered in sacrifice
to the spirits of the house, (house, boat &c.)
The 2nd. of the moon is the Sth. da}" of the tides.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
H 7
( 122 )
< I2 3)
(»*+)
*45
120
'9
( I2 3)
({‘26)
On the 3rd. day the moon first appears.
*45 *36
£ 5H S^ 3 "! 2 *1M 4
The 5th. is the unlucky day of tlu* mouii, it is said.
>45
1 22
?')
O27)
*1 i
The soil). of the 10th. moon is the day 0:7 which .W/-/<*//
.died,
*11 ^ 4 2^] ^l-g- 6 1 i
Jjj this moon the 29th. js tlu: last day.
107 (y'f
VVlicit dyy <lo y<>u intend to sot out.
Jv*
1*7
5 H£ 6 13 LI
JOI c )9 1 4 3 1 >7
6 ] >1 H ^ ^ 4 5 | # 6 ]
§ jtS. 1 6 ! it # t! 'f 6 )
vi ^
t According to the moon calendar the 15th. is full moon hut
r according to the sun calendar because the reckoning is dilferem
i Jjiev cal) it full when it is round.
i
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
u8
'43
39
(128)
(129)
Kchm-chw day is the last of the month.
u-
M3
SI **$£ 2 ^ 3 ! I***
I I
T l^ c l
On the last daj of the 12th. moon the different business nr *
! counts are made up.
'45
>9
OSO
( 132 )
^ 4 . 2 a. ^ _S.
Tyci Syck (new year's eve) is the last night of that yean
145
I JC
39
The 1st. of the 1st. moon Is the “Kow-tow” chi\ of the y\ a?
M5
i -3
39
^ f *d tH 1? 11 1 6 1A
Ha-chi (the summer solstice) is tlu: longest day of the year.
M3
I CO
M 1
*M
(* 33)
12
On the day that spring begins they write ver.if* a pray^
for happiness and paste them up on each of the house pexts,
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
I 19
0 34)
'43
I 44
12}
137
^ 3L ^ & 7 1*-M 1 6 1
20
.(i35)
'(136)
<>37)
(138)
(i39)
Within the first seven days there will come glad news from
my native place.
Let us put it off till between the 10th. and 15th.
33^32 s| * $‘SI
r f-
This work that should have been finished by the 20th. was
finished after it.
H3
06
33
7 r
If I begin between the 20th. and the last day of the moon
how wfl it suit?
I always go to bed after the first watch. (7 to 9 p. m.)
S2 __13_
I worked half a day and then came.
137 86
L
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
I2P
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(*4-0
0+-)
( l 43)
(•44)
(H 3 )
(!40)
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Little by little the days arc growing longer.
If ft Location—situation.
F 1
Let us go up the cast mountain to sec the flowers.
# 4*1 i 1^1
Let us go up to the mountain top to Have a look at the sun
rising.
84. 10
The sun is going down over the west mountains,
13 X S 2 8 $ 4'
i w| £] Jf. 2L *3 Fg -f
It is said that if you sleep with your head toward the south
you will live long; if toward the north you will die soon.
13S 116
Do not eat your rice with the left hand.
14'. h 6 30
H ^ ^1 Ant sl -p vf ^
l)o not stand before an elder—stand off.
Google
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS-
121
('47)
(148)
r 4 i
T.J '
84
I will send the letter by some 011c going later.
*45
1 \7 4i
('49)
(‘SO)
050
A drinking gouid is smooth on the outside.
4 214 4
Let us go by the nook in the mountains.
I looked down into the water and there was the moon sub¬
merged.
4 4 y\ 44 4 &t 4 ^4 & 4
^ 4 4 >1 4 ' '14
Although the outside of the mat lias been worn the inside
lias remained uninjured.
,,53) ' ex 4 1 ^ ^ 4 4 4 4 4 T 4 •
That man’s heart is exceedingly firm, (unyielding' in a
! good sense)
Look in through the crack in the window.
143 137 84 uf> 14__
44414 44 A4 ±
Because the rainy season floods stopped me I couldn’t come.
(’5 3)
('54)
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
123
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 155 )
056 )
(157)
( 158 )
( 159 )
141
70
-9
4 4 4*1 i
Since the clouds have shut out the sun it is not so hot.
M 3
5 °
ol $ «] 4 *£ ^ 4
Put up an awning in the court.
88
137
4 44 21 i 3.^> 4 4 4 4 ^
4*1 4-
If you <^o up that mountain the houses can be seen on c\ erj
side.
T 45
82
1 4 5
'taL^-fe 4 tl 4-
145
4*
The lower house is damp, the middle house is small but the
upper house is delightful.
-&U 4 3} 3 3 1 4 ^ ’S 4 t
96
>45 >37
(160)
4 4 ft 4 ^ 32 . 4*4
Although the outside skin of the silver apricot is round on
every side the kernel inside has corners.
* t 4 4# 4 4 4 4 -T- 4 44
I08
-§• y]-A] 4 4
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
123
(l6l)
Clouds have gathered on every side and as it is dark it will
be likely to rain.
144 L* 6 _ _£ 8 _
70
Do not report what is not true between two persons for (if
you do) you will meet with disaster to no puipose.
(162)
(163)
(164)
mm Geografhv.
,45 137 *2 >45 >37
It is said that in the west and north the land is high and that
in the east and south the water is deep.
WA £6i n si £$ c i
*37
In Korea there are so many mountains that it is said that
there is not a ten “//” stretch of flat land.
82
84
88
«■ 2 ]* *1 3L -f ?y y a >fl *
12
If you take lunch and go out into the meadow and cat it it is
delicious.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
124
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
144
70
( 165 )
*45
(l6«)
^ 4 3| 4 * 4^.44^ q ^ 4
f 43 _73 163
v ^ tj. df £ 4 t 4*1 ^
§ 4 if yJ M 4
Looking up from below the pass the mountain peaks touch
the' heaven with numberless rock}' clefts and strangely shaped
boulders.
H 3
J 4 i
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(167)
P1 13si’0 : £f3f<§ *14
As the tiger brings forth her young in a cave if one could
stop up the opening to it it would be well.
*43
'37
1
$4
<y s| 4 7 I* ^ 4 4 4 H
4 w] ^ cj 4
In the rainy season a pine tree fell from the bank and is (mat¬
ing on the edge of the water.
(• 68 )
t|-f jL VJ 4 ^ *1 4
^ y A t 4 4 4 # ^ ^ ££ ^ ^
66
*144
At a burial after mixing earth and lime and plastering up
there is the custom of writing the flag inscription on the mud
plaster.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
•KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS,
125
$4
•(‘< 59 )]
There id no charcoal so we cannot do up the clothes.
u f ^ 6 i ^ u -s. ?i ^^1 ^ 6 i -T-
I 56
bly.
The wind was 1>*
owuu*
so that ilu: sand and dust flew terri-
1 4.3
37
*4
C * 70 ,
1
Mud lias lx .^patteivo my coal, wash and dry iu
'1 here arc so many stones in the rice l cannot cat it.
' 4 ? 75 51
U73)
PI-S-4H
T
On 1 »ie back cast mountain the flower? have come out; let us
I jl(o and si;t! them.
, I
i. 3 S
1 M
*4
71
:, T
They chased the dog into a blind alley so that he turned and
• *rird to bite them.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
I2<S KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
143 _ 50
(■ 75 ) -g- -§ 4 - ^ «]*
Pour some water in the flower pots.
0/6)
^ c r
In rice fields bordering the water it would be well if they
1 built a high embankment.
(,77) 41
126 ^8
A cobbler must have a ‘ dug out ’ to carry on his shocmak-
ing successfully. (lit. must dig out a cellar)
I _| 2 3 _
(■78) $ Bf 3f C*j 6| a| ^ a ej. «}•
The water had collected in the hollow rock and although
[ there was no cup I stooped down and drank.
I J ^3 141 fcS
(■ 7 p) ^ | £ ^ -R] ^ f
5J -§ >1 C F
If one sees a map and a record of the route he will know the
I chief particulars.
! ^4 _ ..137 59
( ,80 >; Aj-cf] 6j je. 5.-§• C1 | C j-
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN -GRAMMATICAR FORMS.
t27
(I8l)
(18A
(183)
(■ 34 )
(l 3 Si
There was a land slide and all the rice fields were covered.
137 _75 _ ! 38
H t &5L ^
As the river is frozen over there is no other way to go than,
on the ice.
$$ Rivers and sheets of water.
88 _ 67 _
$ di <d ^ it SVH
If there were no sea water could not one obtain salt ? (by
evaporation)
About how much is the depth of this water?
14.3 126 38
One finds poor Jiving on an island.
83 101 82 88
1 01 S
* 9 *14-M-*1 ^
If water be deep It is called a lake If shallow a pool,
143 146 141 120
086,1
12
'Ml *3 vi
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(■87)
(■ 88 )
Among the fellows who live by a stream there are really
none who cannot swim.
137
84
^ 5 *> i
W hen crossing the ferry the wind blew terribly and we had a
hard time.
145
82 137
(189)
(190)
(* 9 i)
In the rapids there are many stones and the water is very
shallow.
»37 J 44_ S
The spring water spouts from the bottom of the well.
*43
70
1 -L f
4 ^ £ 4 4^1 H ^14
Even in winter sulphur springs keep boiling; there is no
knowing the cause of it.
50
(192)
Bring some water,
13 7
84
*37
4 31 4
The waves break on us so that the boat is almost upset-
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
159
88
4t
093)
094 )
If the source be deep there will be many inlets.
137 88 137
126
HI 6 ) $-f«4I 6 UH*Hl
40
(195)
If the ice be weak it is dangerous for any one to walk on it.
>43 1 37 _97„
^hh^^h si ah-s-h
r 43
12
Although there are tides in the western sea (yellow sea) there
are none in the eastern, (sea of Japan)
( ' 96) 43 H £ 3 H ***1 -fr'M
The \vave s sweep up and break on the sand banks.
Since the water in the covered drain has overflowed clean out
( r 9 7 )
the main ditch.
i 37
84
126
( 19 s );
55
H$*l
The bends in the river are so narrow that it is constantly
difficult for boats to get along.
120
>43
O99) ^7 v|* ^
137
%
3 >
?! H f) y \ H ^
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
I3<>
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 200 )
( 201 )
( 202 )
it)
The sound of the waterfall deafens one's ears.
TT 7 70 20
Jf-6]
The water is sq very clear that there will be no large fish, (in
82
66
5 't 6 l H
The shore of tire sea is * ka ' and the edge of a dish is also
called “ ka
*43
70
-$ «I £ ^ ^ -7 of
50
(203)
(204)
*1^4
The sediment of the drink (spirits) is mixed up with it; leave
it to settle.
1 '7
84
137
it
56
The large waves beat in (arose) so that the beach was cover¬
ed with mud.
• 4 i
87
137
T* H *
One must dig out the drain well if lie would not have his
house damaged.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
P 4 95
They bring water for the King to drink from the middle of
the river, (lit. by the King or by order of the King)
J 37_ _Z!_ _ .137
(206) M H 4
Since the houses qn the shore have <*11 fallen (the people)
must have suffered terribly from the flood.
tJc ^ With water.
(207)
6 d
SO
14.1 v
*1 6 i *1 ^ ^ ^ $ h*
£4^
As the water is leaking from the dish see if is not broken.
<»•> 5 . y\ 3-iFH 45T4
The to-ra-chi is hard; it has been soaked too little.
<**>
Jhc water was heated so that it boiled.
(*'«>> V! JbS)
The sou! .) is running over; stop pouring it.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
132
(21 I)
( 212 )
( 213 )
(214)
( 215 )
(216)
(2*7)
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The caves arc narrow so that the dripping- water falls on the
foundation stones.
123 121 138
4 $ % } °f ? *1 *1 f <3. 3J
s]
Prop it up with the clothes line pole so that the washing- may
dry.
r J>9 137 39
That man’s mind is very profound.
Ml M 3 84 n6 88
4 ) -t-t-t # 44*1 44 t ^
137 12
3!
If you do not keep sliced chestnuts in water they will change
color.
143 84 ;o
Bring water and pour it in the jar.
I^ast night there came a dash of rain for a little.
*37 * 39
4 4 4 V 1 ^1
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS*
1
3 a
(218)
The hath tub is somewhat lacking in width.
50
(- 19 )
(220)
^-f ^ 3 ^ *1*
Your Cicc is dirty; go and wash it.
S4 J 2 o 145 3 8
11 ^ ?}lz M
The sound of the gurgling water is mournful.
*1 & U 6 1 *14^1
I have seen his swimming and his strength is very great.
«43 *37 IO
There is froth floating on the water.
^ I o | * O
i ^ ^ ^ ^ 4
Pull out the ricc-bag that fell into the water and dry it.
143 |43
£t*}4^
1 222 )
< 22 3)
<( 22 4)
12
^ H ^
In the rainy season water springs from all the damp lands.
*37 *43
121
3 6] ^ I >1 ^4 ^ *1*1
4t 6 f^
The house is submerged so that it is almost ready to fall;
| what .do you say we had better do ?
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
A.
*34
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 326 )
143 IS7 94 1J7
<4 f *1 $ «
71
A drop of water is formed; then the wind blows and it disap¬
pears of itself.
14.3 84 120 137 _ 70
S 4
50
(227)
(228)
-*1*1^ ASM*
The thing floating on that water looks strange; examine it
carefully to see what it is. •
82 12a 163
* I ^-4!
116 5Q
-f , ^l 4 ^*
Do not be on intimate terms with a shallow, untrustworthy
person.
H 5
141
120
10S
38
The “dragon palace 11 seeins to be an expression referring to
what is beneath the water.
(229) $1 ^ i 53 t i §
^ *] ^ ^ ^ 7f ^ ^ 6
’d ^ JLH
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
135
If, on the day of the winter sacrifice, snow comes, do not forget
to fill a crock (with it) for if anyone with an internal disease cat of
it, it will prove efficacious (as a remedy).
Boats.
53 ! 3 8 _
89
22
'(330)
'(23 0
(232)
(233)
3*1 « 3 L^ ^
Let us go by boat; if we go by land it will be hot.
137 __ 10 84 _ $5 _
$ 6 { ^I 4 * 4 ^
The wind is blowing lightly; put up the sail.
>37
(234)
The mast is too large.
141 50
_41
tJ ar
S3
( 235 )
1 ^ H H y } *T
Work the oar, let us go quickly.
143_ 13 7 70 _ 84 _
6] Ml 3»1 X H ^*1
J4 _8a _53_ .
As there is no boat on this river let us cut trees, make a raft
and go over.
1 2$ 143 8 4
U -s Tl $ ■* ’fl S ^ ^
138 __35__
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
When traveling by boat, if you have no rudder how can you
steer to right or left?
( 236 )
(-37)
( 2 3<0
( 2 39)
Drop the anchor, we are here.
Boat-naan moor the boat!
— 3 _ 82 _ _ _ 53
Let us go on ahead by a fast boat.
^ 1 a v i f ^ 44
Now that we are across throw out the rope.
(240)
H S ^1 # V 1 % Jt. aL^f CH| \r ^
IO
?! S
In the prow is a windlass and in the stern they do the rowing
(a Korean boat)
( 2 4*)
( 2 4-')
_V 37 '6 70 137
#5 *!*-§-§ zf'i * *? n t
®f ^ ’Q 4- ^ E i 35
The yards are not stout; if wind fills the sail they will bead.
duties. 44
See if the main-sail rope be strong.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
137
(243)
(244)
( 2 45)
(24O
(247)
A mi Ranks; classes, (of persons)
•39
145
82
Children of stall keepers do no other work but make their
living simply by attending market.
US _138 _ J$2 r43
^ £ IF ^ A Jl ^ 3L ^ :>H «*}
5®
Choose the soldiers according as they are able-bodied and in¬
spect the weapons in the armory.
73
tv
87
^ ^ ^ '1 -1- 4 6 I
f
As it is a large work they must have assistance to do it.
J37_ _66_
^ q a v| ej.
In each government office the dress of official servants is dif-
crent.
I l6
^ ^ sj ^ ^ -t s*
Uo 257 _9<5_ 84 7
^ §J £ £ «HhSl Hr-f
My -wife died and although it is about a year since I became
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
138
j a widower I have not succeeded in getting married again; suppos¬
ing you act as go-between for me with some likely widow.
121 141 o
(248) | $ ± 44 H ^ =?HI
As you live in such a solitary place, is it not exceedingly lonely?
(*49> l 2^6)
| I T^>_ __105, 9 'O
Tell some sorceress or other to come and perform the cere¬
mony ; tell the men (sorcerers) to stay away.
(250)
^ &| ^* 7 *} ^ ^ ^ J?
J 4 i_l 4 _ _ 95 _ 141 50
t ¥* r T 4-t^l 4
Since our guest has come buy some of the best summer
drink (fermented spirit) and some eggs to make an omelet.
(25 0
_‘ 4 °_ £4 157
_io_ 56_
(Speaking) in reference to women they say that there is no
such thing as a lofty and noble character.
(252)
• 45 _
66
6 H 4
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
*39
( 2 53 )
(254)
(255)
(256)
(257)
In singing, the rising note of No-Heung-kapi is the finest, (lit.
the sound)
141 101 55
Country teachers are called Hak kow. (learned-mouths)
*! ^
21
You must have a blind man come in and repeat the classics
(of the spirits) if the members of the family would be well.
'37
79
6 | ft vF $ > I ^1 ^7) 3L
«f f ^ M ■# ^ V
137 56:4
6] >|- % *\ if
The wretch of a priest (Buddhist), for his conceit, I swung him
round by the ear, and looking into his bowl-sack there was a bottle
of spirit and a piece of meat, (not lawful to eat for priests)
_*36 _
*45
39
What is called seung is a woman Buddhist.
69
7 t
*43
Vl
H 4*1 *?% * *1 3
187 56
I went to get my sickle refaced and the blacksmith was not
in the shop.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
140
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 358 )
3:4 I # 4 $ & l $ 44
87 I41 22
*M 444 #< 5 & 3!4
One must call a number one hunter and have him shoot a
tiger if lie would use the skin.
( 2 59)
_ _ -ill 87 __ 66
sef 4414 4
4
In selling and buying houses one must employ a broker to
make it easy.
(260)
-~ 8 ±-_ ' jo
4 ^ # ’-I 7t} tT 15} B} ej. :§=
Call a butcher, have him kill (buy) a dog and let us make
soup of it and celebrate the dog day festival.
(261)
J 39 _ \yj ~ 82
-=*■ 41 4 1 § # 4 jsl 4 ii
-, 7 ° , „ « . M 6 ^ 'so
T 4 # 4 4 g 4 ?}
That man’s nature is obstinate and stupid so do not call him
for work.
( 262 )
127
Because Confucius was a mighty sage, from the King down
all enter (his temple) by the side gate.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
141
'( 263 )
'37 105
97
'45
(264)
^<9*1 3K*sM^S43L
1 [6 18
Though it is said that there are genii, human beings have
never seen them.
139 '43
88
( 265 )
S ^ t*| £. XQ % * % X|
If you enter another’s country you cannot travel without an
interpreter.
I JO
82
96
9 43 $ »} SJ £ 61 3L <$ *} 4 *}
47
Let the physician fee! your pulse and take some kind of med¬
icine.
(266)
f 4 ^ 1 ) 7]*4 |
^2- ^ -5] v 4
Though you picture a tiger you picture but his skin; you
cannot picture his bones (lit. even to his bones can you picture?^
A. Human Relationsiuvs. /
82 »37_
^ 1 6f ^ x]
88
I HO
39
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\ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
i
142
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(268)
( 269 )
If one’s father die first and afterwards one’s grand-father, it is
custom to wear Scimg Chyong mourning.
lOO
% 4 H 4* 7*1 -*1 ' 3 . *| 4
VS «
1l liough my mother is seventy years old, my grand^mother
(on the father's side) being still alive, she has only filled the place
of a daughter-in-law up to the present.
^ 44 1
39
S7
M7
o 4 4 4 4 4
-§■ r? "S’ $
Older brothers must love their younger brothers if they
would have them submissive.
(270)
(271)
'37
84
82
^ 4 7 j-^ js. 44
141
29
4 ^ -#4 4 *5 4
Why has uncle (father’s younger brother) taken a concubine
and treated aunt in this way ?
' 2 3
'44
A ^ ^ H 44 £ g 4414 4
_>45_
97
„ f 5 | 4 I
In the house opposite the husband and wife are quarrelling
every day and yet their sons and daughters are handsome in form.
35
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
143
H4 £63 _I45
<V2)
lot 55
In the country it is said that son-in-law and father-in-law are
chess friends, (between whom no formality is required)
(273) > 9 ?\ £ Hf] 3
Since my sister lias married far away I will not see my brother-
in-law often.
(274)
a l if St 5! 4^ 6 1 4
£ it e -| 31 '1 ''t
Our cousin has not been married very long and now her
father-in-law is dead and she has gone to put on mourning.
137 __ 71 _ M3_ 4i
<275) ^ ^ £-§■
116 105 56
31*1 ££"1^4
The master having all lie could eat told the slave not to
prepare food.
i45_ _ 50 __
(276) ^ ^ 4*1 %4 44
You go on ahead; I will follow after.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
i
144
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 2 77 )
( 2 / 8 )
4 4 *1 3? £ M 4 f - -2L 4 22. 4
_ §9 _ 5?
$! de.^-1- 4}*F jL 4
Let us not go about here and there, if the character of the
people is good let us settle no matter where.
n6 48
-S’
(2/9)
(280)
(281)
“This rascal”, “that rascaldo not insult people (in that
way) to no purpose.
A ^ The Human Body.
f ^
12
v?
If one keeps his head cool he will not have hcad-ache.
141
88
6] 4 yf^. 6f -f 4 - 5 - 'iJ t Al -q
44 $ 314
If one with a low brow wears his hair done up, no part of it
(the brow) will be covered by the head-band.
>41 J\ 7 _ 84 145
=] yfV] &| «f ^ e
^•4 4 3 £-§.
A cataract has fastened itself on the pupil of his eye so that
now he cannot see clearly.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
145
137 12
(282)
( 2 83)
(284)
J_37_ _88_ _
It is said that if the eye-lashes be long one will sleep a great
deal.
i37
88
12
<285) -4 1 6 1 ^ ^ ?1 S! *1 ^
55_
o]
(286)
_ 56
It is said that if the ears be whiter than the face the person
will become one of reputation.
145 88 82
^1 $ 4 ^ *] ^ 4 6 1
v tH 5M 4
If you open your mouth it means insult, shut up and keep
quiet!
84
137
When a man is growing old he gets white first under the
cars.
143
1 * 14 UU
82
22
In the summer a bristling beard would be terribly hot and
uncomfortable.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
146
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
F4
84
138
(aS7)l *1^ *1**131
“) -f3h* A A t *1 & A *14>1
(288)
(289)
(290)
(591)
He has become bald and so when lie docs up his hair his
top-knot keeps constantly falling down on the back of his head
making it exceedingly troublesome to tie on the headband.
143 136 84 84_
* 6] TJj =}■ 6^ ^
^ *1 * ^ *1 ^
I have a swelling in the throat and it is so bad that I am al •
most at the point of death.
J_34 J4 £4
& ^ *1 ^ ^ 6\
I4'_
I have a disease of the eyes in which the upper and lowei
lids are swollen and it has got so that I cannot wink
145 _ 97 i<5s
42 . *1 ^ 6] '+4 tM's# ?f*4 4
^ ^ ^-f T
Although that woman is advanced in years her form is round
and plump, (lit. flesh is &c.)
J43 _T37 S7 _yi
12
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
147
One must have strength in his shoulders to do the vvt 1 1. f
a tan-koun.
J43_ _HS J*2
(^) jLU
_ 67
On the back of the hand there is no flesh but all tendons
only.
H3_ J37_ 9* _
(2W) ^ 3 ^ 6 ) *1
lie had a boil in his armpit and could not let his arm down nor
even move his fingers.
My foot is asleep so that I cannot get up.
i4£ _ _ 93_
(295)
He jumped from the roof and it shook him up so internally
that he cannot move.
< 296) 4-f-1 1 ^ -I-^t T** i ^
137 _5 6
As he opened the swollen part with a needle, pus and blnnc!
came out freely.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
148
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(297)
(298)
(299)
74
So
(300)
As you arc out of breath do not drink water greedily.
T 45 138
Young widows constantly pass the time in sighing, (years and
months)
82
141
61^3} i^**l*J#*)^
143 137 _ J4_ 7 _
I dreamt [fn a dream] that I went on to a battle field and
killed two might).' generals and just when another was attacking me
the horse I rode roared like a thunder clap so that I awoke and all
my body was wet with perspiration.
•37 143
2M H T :a. *1 "f H 31
84 112 15
When I first learned to use tobacco I did not expectorate but
swallowed all and I got so dizzy that I thought I was going to
die
*■>' _*43_
t- ^ 7 r^9] $1 ^
J l6 82 go
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
I49
Wash away your tears and eat your rice at once.
(3M) , 21^121 4S34.A
4 f- 44$44
(303)
(304)
The sound of his snoring made such an uproar that one could
not sleep.
t? # 6 1 & * ^ 4 4 4 4"f 4
They say that if one have no lips his teeth are cold.
33^4I .s.4 st*) 4 S 4 i? 4
(305)
( 306 )
(30 7)
y ^
I liave seen a monkey and in appearance it is just like a man.
^#44-1-4 44 4*4
His face is growing wrinkled so that now he looks quite old.
4 14 44! 41 -t-f-f4! 4
Is a weak wretch a match for a strong man?
4 4-S’ ^-cr4 4 4^ U 4
You are strongly built but really have no strength.
( 308 )
Fowls and Birds.
It is said that the Toti-rou-wi is a crane.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
150
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
<3°?)
(3io)
I11 the 4th. moon only do the orioles come.
The call of the wild .400so ever sounds melancholy to the
(3n)
stranger.
f§ «1 4 r- 1 -
What catcher pheasants U the Ji*Jc m
(3‘=> j£ «y &i v s v.
^lT O I vJ f w S f
"e '0 ( 2 -§• -g -
4
When the Pon-heng-i boots it calls its own name.
(3,3) ' ^ ^ 4 ^ 4^4444
What carries off large fowls is the eagle.
( 3'4): ^ ^ ^ 5] 7]-^ &]
Ss 4 vt 4 l 3 l-f 4
Though the duck glides along on the clear river water not
more than half of its breast sinks in.
(3,i) ! 5 . 4*4 % 4 3L*] I ^
-g. 4^32 > 4 X 4
When the egret watches for the i’:sh it stretches its neck out
long and looks as though in kindness.
^444 4*11 4 ^ 4- ej.
(316)
The white necked crows fly by in Hocks.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
151
(3.7)
* 1 *
If you keep geese they will guard you from thieves.
(3.8)
The hawk is trying to rob the magpie of its nest.
(39)
A
The gull is said to be a bird that has nothing to do-
(!J0 > £ 4 * 11
As chickens are hi ids that know the hours (people) keep
; them in their houses.
(321)! H|- 7|~ Vi) 43 L ^
The chicken hawk makes no headway against the wind. (lit.
] on the wind's end is stuck)
'/£ Animals.
' 3 ”> 31 7>-f *] y\
^ % -1 *}
They say that if a mouse gets into the opening in the trunk
of the elephant he will die.
<«> ^ ^ t n*\ ^ *t i w
It is said that among animals the horse and dog know their
masters when they see them.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
152
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(324)
( 325 )
(326)
(327)
(323)
(329)
(330)
(330
Digitized by
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Dccr horns that grow out like one’s fist are called “Yang”.
Although the wolf is like the dog it attacks even man, they
say.
4 -
The fur of the sable it very warm.
If one make shoes of rhinoceros hide they last well, [are good]
£r J£ ^ A e l C F ?f* ^ H *r
While away hunting a wild boar I lost my tame pig.
$ 4 HP D= 3i £ >1 *} #
Sheep are used in the king’s sacrifices.
a
The donkey will not let you touch his ears.
^ S ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ *F°F
The fox has come near the houses and is barking; likely
enough some evil thing will happen in the village.
Google
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
153
(335)
(332)
They say that a hare is working a medicine pestle in the
| moon.
(333) 1
It is said that the cat is the rats’ general, {being so feared by rats )
(334) |
Those made from the fur of the weasel’s tail are called yellow
hair pens.
*1 tff-Sj 4 *} § 3 }?\ ^
A squirrel is running on that rock.
(336) 1
Are you a mole; do you want to burrow in the ground?
(337)1 2J-X| £ 4*1 4^*1 $3*1 tt ^
You must put on a bone ring if you would not have your
hand sore, (in archery)
<»S)I
When the tadpole becomes a frog it loses its tail.
(339) j
*!
If one goes ii to a flower garden on horse back a fragrant
smell rises from the horse's hoof.
(340) 1 u 1
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
*54
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(340
(342)
(343)
(344)
(345)
(34<5)
(347)
Digitized by
Fix the front of my headband with horse hair from the mane.
*1 41 x a 4 i 3 . a
When dogs see people at night or see those they do not
know they bark.
Although you may tame other creatures you cannot tame a
pheasant.
■**! I
Drive on the cart quickly.
It is said that the E-sirn is a creature that has not yet become
a dragon.
3^1 tU-f 1 6 I ^ -T
b
In fever if you wish to bring on a perspiration take bear’s
gall.
7 k n Fish (and Reptiles).
It is said that the ant-dragon frequents mountain springs.
5. W I^T^
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
If you place a gray lizard in your sleeve it will catch the in¬
sects and eat them.
(348) ^ ^ 45.JE.fj4:
The turtle is reckoned among the ten everlasting existences.
(349) -§ jl.
That curved thing is a shrimp.
Minced clam is edible even without pepper sauce.
(35.)
A phoenix cut from the ear-shell fish is used at the 2nd.
anniversary of the death of one’s parent!«
os*) jl ?] % oil *l 4 ?!•-§• 3!
When whales fight shrimps get smashed to pieces.
(353)
Buy some salted shell-fish.
(354)
When a snake coils itself around, its head is in the middle.
(5i °
| ^ a )
The toad springs from the back bone of the snake.
65 ) *§■
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
156
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
357)
(358)
(359)
(360)
(361)
(362)
(363)
(364)
(365)
They say there are thirty three scales along the nvddle of
the carp.
# ^ ^ ^ e| ^
Melt the fish glue and stick together the tahle that has come
apart.
> t >1 $ h 4
The yellow one is a gold fish.
?J 1 l d 14' V H e>
Dried perch is called “ am-'chi".
£=? t £ f-«1 *H- a
The dried stone head fish is called “ koulpi"
^ ??*
A fellow who does his work badly and who is constantly
leaving oil from some excuse or other is called the ‘son of loach’—
a slippery fellow.
jL^| ^ ^ *} 6 j«| ^ ^
Among fish the Pycng-c has the smallest mouth of all.
T 3-^4 ^ -a <*] 44 1 -3 A
Among the numberless varieties of fish (for toed) will one cat
porpoise ? (said to be poison)
I ^ £f !
The north fish is called My eng 'tai
5. °| ^ -ff- ^ A ^
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
157
(366)
(367)
(368)
(36f>)
(370)
(371)
(372)
(3733
If I only had some " tye ” soup to eat.
The crab can walk backwards well.
41 H t >1
A}^
Red shells and sea slugs are important in sacrificial ceremonies.
$ 49 \| 6 ]-g-3| £ 3 v V]
The yam-yang magistrate likes oyster salade.
m Insects.
A fiy lias been caught in the spider's web.
31 ^ 1^741 3. ^ 3k]
^ 1 *
It is a dress skirt made of thin ILm-san linen that looks like
a dragon fly’s wings.
v K! ^
It is said that the butterfly has a passion for flowers and that
it dances.
Bee-hive shaped trousers are worn by fast people.
^ £ 3L $ *} « ^ >\ >*1 A
The centipede is made into plaster medicine.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
158
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(374) ! ?j* ^ P| ^
Would you cat the foot off a stinking centipede? (a term of
] contempt)
(375) |ja?q^;SL
1 H ^ 4
Although the mosquito is small it makes a great noise and
when it bites the place swells up.
You have tied his top knot so well that the flies will slip ami
■ fall off of it.
(3 77 )
(373)|
(379)I
(33o)
(38i)
# 6 I« ^
Moths breed in book covers.
If there were no silk worms could one not wear silk ?
The cricket waits for autumn to sing. (lit. having waited
| sings)
4 } -^1
3/! ^ s ?|-Pf ef
When the snail, bobbing here and there, was coming out I
speared it with a blade of grass and it went back in.
t *1 ^- 5 ? *1
The bat has its legs fastened to its wings.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
!$9
(382)
(383)
(384)
(385)
(386)
(387)
(388)
(■389)
(390)
The maggots in meat sauce they call ci kci-si .
7 £W *1 ** 3-5?
The ants cover tlic earth worm over till it is black.
The locust lives by eating dew only.
The hedgehog pulls off cucumbers and carries them away on
its back successfully.
mm Grain.
I have come without buying the rice.
Barley porridge slips in and out from under or^e s teeth.
-£ X *\ $ 3 - >\ y
«*1 *1 ®^JL
In buying thirty cash worth of sacrificial fare who told you to
buy ten cash of bean sprouts.
Let us make some wheat (flour) vermicelli to cat.
Millet broth clears the stomach after drink.
L
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA *
4 .
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KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 393 )
(wo ***:*&9| *«**:*.& ft
yf
Are you going to prepare rice with beans or are you going
to prepare white rice?
(390
If one take buck-wheat gruel it will cure a cold.
What is it that has only one hair on its whole body ?—a grain
of rice.
It is the first time that I have eaten millet porridge.
Though one may eat the leaves of the “ teul-ggai ” (a variety
of rice) he cannot eat those of the “ ‘ cham-ggai ” {another variety.
Would this youngster like some candy?
1 x \
I wonder who has pulled all this Indian corn?
-5u
Jelly made from lentils is called 'chyeng-'po.
( 394 )
( 395 )
( 39 6 )
( 397 )
( 398 )
( 399 )
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
161
There are many Job tear’s plants at that house.
(400) ^
How much is your official salary for one month ?
(401)
(We) will be a little short of seed.
( 402 ) h ^
Pull the grass in the court.
( 403 )
Wraps for rice (in eating ) made from the castor bean leaf arc
good.
(4°4) 4 6 ] S| v| ti) Jt. -f
Spring has come and the different kinds of vegetables are all
shooting up.
(405) ^M]^ 4 j 5 ^-S.AA-wVjej
If you keep turnip seed over it is useless.
(406)
They said that oat cake was good.
(407)
£
The sediment strained off from fermented drink is called "vio-
chyoit". (mother)
( 408 ) m ]^ 6 ) -S. 0 ! *>s|;
One must put seasoning into a dish of bran sediment to have
it taste well.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
16 Z.
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(409)
(410)
( 4*0
(412)
( 413 )
(414)
( 415 )
(416)
(417)
^ m Vegetables.
‘tit «} y q ^ 4
]\'Iix up the vegetables that are prepared and eat them.
^ -g. ^ ^
1 he white egg plant is rare but the red egg plant is common.
Tlie cucumber pickle is bitter, one cannot eat it.
It is like licking the outside of a water melon.
.a S ef
There are three divisions in (a stem of) garlic.
Ginseng root is like a child (in shape).
^ ^ ?] -$• 3t $1
Vermicelli mushrooms are something that have a very nice
flavor.
v f$ A£ll £3?^1
it
Celery is a vegetable that keeps green during the four seasons -
The pucraria creeper is something that twists into ropes
sclendidly.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS-
163
(418)
tH 4
(419)
(420)
(421)
A man who eats mustard and sheds tears over it is a weak¬
ling.
l’ut only three pieces of ginger into the medicine.
44^4 a. 4 ** *1 4 4 |J *>)
With lettuce wraps it is customary (to cat) pepper sauce,
44 vif
Among the various kinds of vegetables it is said that marsh¬
mallow is the best.
(422)
(423)
( 424 )
4
There arc two hundred black spots in a leaf of smartweed.
& 4 4 ^ 4 44 ^ T 4
Jam made from the ground cherry is .sourish.
jl 44 * 144^14
When the bracken first shoots out of the ground it looks like
a child’s fist closed.
(425)
(426)
(427)
^ ^ 4 £ H 4 6 I ^1 s? 6 15
A sea-weed wrap is the finest for rice.
44 45414 ^ 4*14
Make some sea-weed 'toui-kak.
£ 4 ^ 1 ^ 4^44444
Do not pull and eat turnips from another's field.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
164
Korean grammatical forms-
( 458 )
*
l ( 429 )
(430)
(43*)
( 432 )
(433)
(434)
(435)
( 436 )
(437)
He shelled the pumpkin seeds and ate them by the mouthful.
*1 * t $ *+
About how much was one coolie load of cabbage ?
^ *)• t*] ^ ^ >$-f- ^ ^
Make up some mint greens and put them in my lunch box.
Call the onion pedler.
The package of black pepper has come as a present from the
medicine shop.
^ Agriculture.
Plough the field to-day.
£ ^ ^ i Afef
Let water into the field fo r the early rice.
Agriculture is the greatest source of livelihood under the sun.
^ ?| ^ -1 is! ^
He is weeding so cany out dinner to him.
Bank up the apple trees ""‘th earth.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
165
(438)
( 439 )
(440)
Fasten on the top of the flail tightly and let us thresh out the
seed stalks.
3 3 #4 3 t £ 334 4
What is it that keeps bowing to the opposite mountain?—A
mill pestle!
* 14 t ^ 6 1 4 4 4 tb
What do you mean by saying that rice put through the sieve
can have as much chaff in it as this ?
(HO
(442)
( 443 )
3*1 tb4 -f 4*b 44 $3 $ 44
He has grown and stored up a great deal of tobacco.
*| 4* 4 4 ^ 4 4"t
When straw is woven together it is called “ nyeng" {mat).
3134^3 44-t
An empty bag is called “ kong-syek .
( 444 )
( 445 )
Fruit.
Early persimmons come in the 8th. moon.
^ 4 4*tb4 £ ^& *1 4 t &
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
166
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(-446)
(447)
(448)
(449)
(450)
(451)
(452)
(453)
(454)
If many pomegranates form (on the tree) they will not be
large.
^ o ^*1
The pumelo has a pleasant odor.
Potatoes are vegetables that grow from the roots.
Shelled juniper seeds are called sil-paik-cha.
«i $
Hazel nuts kept for several years are made into medicine for
sore eyes.
^ ^ 4 4
44
One must water a grape vine with honey water to make them
[the grapes] sweet.
£4 ^ 4-t 1 t *H”t 4 SL 44
Go and see if you can get one schizandra tree.
Acorn jelly is somewhat astringent (in taste).
jL
Nothing tastes good to me; cook some mushroom soup and
bring it.
A sour astringent thing is the dog apricot.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
r
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS. 1 &7
(455) 1 A13
If I only had some steamed bread with dates in it.
(456) ^ -£J A] X ^
Your mind is like the Inside of a walnut.
(457) 4|
They say that if a man be full of jealousy he is a quince
like object blown down by the east wind.
(45*) Sj-4-2?- ^ 44 44
The leaves of the Sophora Japonic a are all falling.
<«»>
About how much for one measure of peaches?
Trui'S.
( 460)1
^~T 4 4
The flute bamboo cries, the arrow bamboo flies, the pen
bamboo writes.
(46.) 44 ^. 44 ^
T- 4 4
If you cut down a pine tree it will not shoot out from the
roots again.
(462) :&44 : l , 'f‘44' 2 i : t3.^-£. v t
l 4
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
l68
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(464)
<465)
(466)
In order to make the spiced spirit, drink buy some ground
cinnamon bark.
Tie a Chinese string on the O-long lute.
The fruit of the mulberry is called O-teuL '
-fr $ ^ ^ ^ -i % «} _e| ju e-j ^
1 he weeping willow is bent by the storm so that it dances
wildly with del ght.
4f3|-g>C4|£cjj$ Cf.
Do not burn your hand with ssari wood fire, [supposed to be
hotter than other fire]
W hen the maple changes color it is redder than the flowers.
The tak mulberry is the tree from which paper is made.
-§• *4 1 ^111
Rattan wristlets are useful in summer.
(470) U -^i|
Do not go into the jungle, long creatures there are dangerous.
(serpents)
(4 <> 7 )
(468)
( 469 )
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
169
C47,)
x»>ef
As it is difficult to use thorn-bushes for fuel do not buy any.
(4/2)
M3
q 7 }-* 6): 7)-^ ?]• BJ -g-f V|
The roots of a tree must be solid if the branches would be
luxurious.
(473) 5 . $1 ^ ^ ^
We must get boards and send them to the house where the
old man resides, fin preparation for his funeral)
t*74> a] jL>] yf-A) '-f- r }- jF *F
Be they thorns or fish prickles they arc all the same.
(475)
(476)
(477)
R0 Flowers.
* *1 #i £ c f ’M 2^1
*
The flowers have come out and are falling of themselves.
3 ^ H ^ 2 ?
Tlje red azaleas are out, let us go on a flower cake picnic.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
170
Tlie water chestnut is like the peony'.
: V] oL ef I ^ m ^ W?
4**1-*
Look here Chrysanthemum! how Is it that you let the east
winds of the 3rd. moon go by and, regardless of frost, bloom alone
in the 9th and 10th. moons?
The man-to-ra-vn is like the comb of a cock, (the code’s
(47P)
(480)
(481)
comb )
A pair of blue birds are sporting on the lotus flowers.
The touch-me-not is the flower with which little girls dye their
finger-nails.
(482) *l«*s>1**l*II*^*l«l!
*H 6 H=T^ r i-
The sunflower as it bends its head following the sun is
peculiar.
^ ^ Ct| ^ ^ 6] >tej Sj *1 ±
The plum flowers little by little have fallen on the book table.
3 . # 6 1 e >-f ±
The peony is said to be queen among the flowers.
The flower tassel is what is in the middle (of the flower) i. e.
stamens and pistils.
(483)
(484)
(485)
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
171
(486)
( 487 )
(488)
( 489 )
(49°)
Grass and plants.
Reeds always grow near the water’s edge.
Hemp is what is made into linen, cotton is what is made into
cotton goods.
Go and pull some rag wort for soup.
®1 ?J y] ^
Moss covers the stone figure with green.
The sedge that was scorched has leaves coming out of it.
(490
%
( 492 )
(493)
(494)
(495)
^ Buildings.
I live before the kyeng-pok-koimg palace.
How many rooms might there be in that house?
Order paper doors with fancy cross bars to be made.
The verandah before the great hall is refreshing.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
173
( 496 )
(497)
( 498 )
(499)
(500)
(501)
(502)
The walls must be dry to put on the paper.
Do not sit before the window; it is dark.
■f A «| ^1 22] ±
The swallows have built their nest on the beam.
'EM Ef %J
r h
Inside of the twig gate the shaggy haired dog lies wagging
his tail..
^ ^ ^1! ^ M sf
Get up early before breakfast and sweep the yard.
U -5 *\ ^ =1 W| ^ t C^J 1 $1
In the place where the house had fallen I found a stone
hinge.
When a thatched house is large it is hard to roof.
If one have but four large flat stones he can cover a place
(sufficient) for one kan.
(S03> 3 4tKJi^
As the kitchen of the opposite room was made with a closed
fireplace it is not possible to put in a rice-pot.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
*73
(504)
H A \ ^ ^ x s # H- ^
3^4
There is one tile broken from the roof of the gate quarters,
take a ladder and gq up and fix it.
(305)
Get some rice bread from the cupboard, cook and eat it.
<506) j
H
One must have plenty of mortar [mud] and stones to build a
wall easy.
t H *1 &
One must paint the sun shades with turpentine and they will
not rot.
( 507 )
(508)
( 5 C 9 )
^ ^ Cities and magistracies.
** *1 i * *1
A kingdom must be at peace to have the people happy.
Seoul is where the king lives.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
174
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FOltMS.
(s,0> |
4 # $ t *1 c f
The people living in poverty in the country villages are great-
| ly to be pitied.
The autumn envoy starts on the 20th. day of the 10th. moon,
(for China)
. <S,2) ; 44*1 € 3*4
A prison is a place to shut up criminals in.
(s,3) $ i>] A
A ‘chang Is a store-house where Government supplies are
; kept.
(514)
(515)
(5i<5)
It is said that if one make a round of the fortifications he will
live long.
-g.SHt-*i|S|
It is time to light the fires in the signal station.
c ] ^ q 4 ^ «| 6 R 1
On the border near the spot marked by the mile-stake there
is a post-station.
( 5 i 7 )
4 $ 444 4 % 4 9
•§■ 1*1 4
The drinking house at the end of the bridge is very clean,
(where the bridge rests)
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
*75
(5 iS)
lie has gone to the magistrate’s village to present a petition.
Ojc Taste
AND SMELL.
(519)
The odor of cinnamon bark is fragrant and the taste is some¬
what sweetish, sharpish, sourish, bitterish
(520)
-*] ^
Although it be salty it makes no difference but if it were fishy
one could not cat it
(52')
** 4 is 5 ] 4s, f? 4^1 M 1 4 ? A
^ 3M] 44 4 4
Even with Samli that is spoiled, if you wash it well and cook
it the flavor is not objectionable.
152 2)
^ y \ Uj 4 4 4 £-f ^.44
Scent the vinegar and see if it has an odor.
ftjg I® Eating.
-^-g.t;a.£-f444
]) 0 not speak with your mouth full. (lrt. do not eat and talk)
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
J7«
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 524 )
( 525 )
(526)
(527)
(528)
(5'29)
§oL')-? - JL'5‘ c J
lie does not swallow the medicine but keeps vomituv r
1| x] oil tr $ H t
Vi l 7 J]
Spinkle the white paper and tramp it smooth ; I am going to
bind it into a booh.
& JL W $ SI yh^ -¥■ _* ,±. -g. sa g.
4 f 4
The little one at first lapped its hand where it got the honey
on it and last of all it sucked it.
IH jl#
^I 'Vf Oj) ^ ^ tij Pj 7|-^1
He has no teeth and ate his meat without chewing so that it
stuck in his throat and did not go down well.
^ *1 X] if.1^-3-
1 * A
In the house where the feast is, they brought in a table of meat
and diinlc (to him). He partook of it, got drunk and up to the pres¬
ent is not sober.
^6}
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS-
'17
(530)
I am thirsty so I clo not want anything to eat, if I only liad
some ice water to drink.
Grief caused by hunger is the most terrible (of all).
(530
( 532 )
(533)
S Food.
£ 3i| ^ AJ- 3 . ^ A- ^ gj.
One boils in a rice pot and steams in a boiler.
^ 3!
r t
The roast and the part fried in eggs has fallen from his table.
S* p] 3) Jfe. Jf 5. ;*] JL 6f O} & ^
4
You must boil a beef’s head solt to have it good.
(534)
(535)
5 . *>} ^ A ’fl
6 I -|F •*■*}*! *1 & "H
If the water for scalding the pigs be too hot the hair will not
come off well.
*1 «J ^ *1 *?• ^ ^
■*1
A mixture of rice and vegetables (eaten) with a w rap of
lettuce is the custom.
(536)
I ^ 3
Steep some hyang you tea.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
178
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(537)
(538)
(539)
(540)
(540
(540
(543)
Trading, business.
^ 4 £ 4 £ « 4 ‘t ^ 4 £ 4
S 4} 4 "t" a*. ^ -f* 3^ 4"!*
Buying rice is called selling and selling rice is called buying
while purchasing goods is called exchanging.—in Seoul.
He rented my shovel and lias lost it.
Do you say you have not a cash And have come to borrow ?
6 ] 44 4*4 4 £ H
dj Bj
Your way of acting will not do; whatever you borrow and
take away you never bring back.
4 %*>] 2t 444 4 44
"I" jltI) ^ 4'“? v H=
When an elder gives you money why do you refuse to take
t f 4 34 44 4 34 45.
The price of hat-rims is so high that even though one man*
ufacture hats there is no profit.
$ 31 44 3 4 v 43^ 4:2:4
4*4343 § l-?£
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
I79
(544)
(545)
(546)
(457)
(548)
(549)
(550)
(550
Where do you live,boy? By the river sir! what do you do? I
fish for a living!
In the port there are many curious things.
I have paid up all my debts and now have something like one
hundred nyang to my credit.
t 4 *13L ^ ^
As I have brought a pawn and wish the money why do you
hesitate ?
^ ^ ^ “t V #
I am not able to keep the poor.
«1 e 1 ^ £ £ 4 # 4 451 7 JJ 4
What modesty can a fellow have who goes about begging ?
People in poverty starve as the rich man feeds.
# ASH 4-£4 33 4
I must have security to give you the money.
4
The (names of the) witnesses and the scribe are written on
house-deeds*
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
i8o
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(5!2) j
Have you made up all the items of the account ?
(553) 3 | 4 £
Write out one note for me. {for money)
(SS4> I y ^^ ^
Go to the cotton store and get the exchange money.
(555) ^ -f ^ ef
In the market herring were exceedingly cheap.
(!56) *1 *1 «<^^-t ^4
The fellow who has no fare is the first to go aboard.
.
(557)
(558)
(559)
3^ ^ Sickness.
Nothing is so pitiful as to be taken sick when away from
home.
^**11 > 14*1
When one is old if he be fatigued he cannot gather up his
arms and limbs.
4 ^ 6 1 yf
*1 *1 St *1 "t %
The scar left where the boil healed has not yet worn away.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
( 50 o)
(560
(562)
( 563 )
(564)
(565)
I
(566)
(567)
|
I
I
(568)
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS. l8l
3 H WT
It is fortunate that the abscess has healed so.
It is impossible to cure an old man’s asthma.
?}^ ^ ?Y c M h
^ "t ^ ^
He was unconscious and came to again; it is wonderful.
If you tickle the nose with a probe you will sneeze.
*8 % 41 *1 * 14 ^
Do not express displeasure (to click with thetongue) at see¬
ing a sick man.
Colored marks on the skin are caused by lack of blood and
internal disorder.
if ^ 4^1
Prickly heat has such an itching feeling that one cannot en¬
dure it.
Ring worm is a disease in which white spots come out bright¬
ly on the face.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
182
( 569 )
(570)
(570
(572)
(573)
(574)
(575)
(576)
(577)
(573)
Leprosy breaks out on every part of the whole body.
u 4 ^ jL^I t 4 4ft.61 ej-f
&
When one cats fruit and gets sick it is called cholera morbus.
Convulsions are caused by cold.
$414-2.f 6 I #*! 4
Dropsy is a disordered stomach and swelled abdomen.
^1-^41444*t ^ 4 4
Smallpox is a disease that everybody takes.
It is like a crazy woman washing dishes.
$3 4*434*^ 4 4 4 3 dt
What a fright I got! It cured me of fever chills.
fe'l'f i'f
A one eyed person can aim well.
^ £} s| v 4 4
If there be a deaf mute in the house all the family become
deaf mutes as well.
Catarrh of the bowels is caused by dampness and heat.
34-§43?^ 4 34 4
I have a cold so that my nose is completely stopped up.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(579)
I
(580) !
I
I
I
(5»0
(582)
(583)
( 584 )
(585) ;
i
1
(586)
(587)
183
The phlegm is thick; I am anxious about you.
*1 8 6 1 3 H M *1 * *
I have such a bad cough what shall I do ?
The dwarf picked up the cripple and carried him off.
y] -f ^ a] ^ ^ ^ H'A H
When you have hiccough if you drink water it will cure it.
ff @1 Travelling.
The wife of the governor of Hain-kycng-to has gone down to
the province
$ ?r *}*} £ 3 . H e 1 v > H ^
Do not sleep only, get up quickly and go.
^ & 6 i . •
May you return in peace = good bye.
After ten years I came back home.
1 ^! 4 *^*
Go out and see whether the moon is up.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
184
(588)
( 589 )
( 590 )
( 591 )
(592)
(593)
(594)
(595)
Your humble servant is going with your permission.
^ # 1 *1 h* ^ ^ *1 4 1 -t 6 1
His excellency has departed and the message servants have
gone out to see him off and say farewell.
^ ^ !-t-T
Tlie great man docs not spare himself (the grief) of parting.
^H t f t
^|^U C >
As I look off in the direction that my husband sailed away
the only thing I see is the measureless ocean.
One’s absent husband sees (the same) moon ( ’tis true)
wherever he may go but still...
% £ 4 >'t12 ^ *2 33 ^
He went after the kite and lost his shoes.
3 \ £ 6) 3ft
The criminal escaped and has hidden so that they have not
caught him.
^ M efjLS £ *1 3
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
I8 5
( 596 )
(597)
(598)
!
(599) |
(600)
j
(601)
(602)
(C03)
What do you mean by going’ after a woman that forsakes her
husband and runs away —(spoken to the husband).
It is hard to find what others hide.
3 . tT 0 }
Since you are starting off for your native place when do you
suppose we will meet again ?
The past is only in the accounts we have of it.
Take the horse out for exercise
Stoop down and sec if my shoe has gone into the hole in the
veranda.
*} § *4*'«l AH 1 6 \
I look up at the heavens, and the stars are clustered together.
When there is a royal procession to the graves in Syou-ouen,
boats are collected and a pontoon bridge is made over the river at
No-toL
Father has gone out (or a walk.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
L86
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 604 )
A person who has entered a government office is bound to
the king and cannot of his own accord cut loose and go off to the
country.
(605)
As they say the procession is returning let us go and see it.
Temples and graves.
(60G)
(607)
1 51 ^ H
Towers are in Buddhist temples.
£ *4 $ 6] $J ^ t*|
Although there was a sacrificial altar in the Old Testament
the custom of sacrificing is absent from the New.
(708)
(609)
-rr ^ 6 1 'S — V ^ ^1-
A 'chain-pong enters service as guardian of a royal grave.
^ ^ ^ 41
An am-cha- is a small Buddhist temple. ,
(610)
^41 ^ -f-’S Tf- v '-j
If you leave a house standing vacant the spirits will cut capers
in it.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
18;
(6u)
(612)
( 6 * 3 )'
(614)
( 6 * 5 )
(616)
(617)
(618)
(619) :
f. SJ<*) f ^ y\ rf- yy 5J ^ >fcj
I was going up the steps and because they were slippery I
fell down.
t *13- S3 -t *1 ^ 4 A 3.5H
They have marked over with red the lines of the characters
cut in the stone tablets.
H cat the water and bathe.
^ 3 1 U ?| ?]
^ -r e }
They brought dancing girls and had them sing and amuse
themselves in the summer house.
^ V* wi] 7f*l *] A S t * ^ ^
If I went to the shrine and made an offering to tbe spirits it
would be well.
Make an envelope for the spirit tablet (of paper).
7 ]-?! ^
The cross beam bioke with a crash.
Whosever grave it is tliay have prepared it well evtn to the
mountain.
.&-l &■§■ ^ 6 ]
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
188
(620)
<621)
(622)
(62 J)
(624)
(< 525 )
(626)
It is custom to bury the tablets of one’s ancestors of the fifth
generation.
Hang up the clothes pole on the east wall.
When the lower half of the hinges were fastened, the carpen¬
ter fitted the upper Into them. He then nailed on the fastening
hook, the rings, the staple and all.
'll * $ S3 ^ H= ft # H 3] H
Have you fastened on all of the roof lathing? I am going to
throw up the mud.
Have you shoved in the bar of the gate ?
This studding is crooked; it wont do.
He said he would go to the home of the deceased, make the
coffin, see to the'sacrifice, attend to the putting on of mourning and
return.
He went to the mourning, drank " sam-shoo " (distilled spirit)
and took fire inside.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
189
(627)
(628)
(629)
3 It £ 3! S.H W f-
I saw them changing the burial place and the bones were all
that was left of the body.
44 * 13 !
Inside the window shade the form of a woman was seen half
hidden.
When I had put off mourning but three months my mother
died also.
(630)
jfjj^ Metals and objects of value-
**\ *£4^ 444 A 3^33 4
Quivering hair pins are ornamented with gold, silver, pearls
; and jade.
(632)
4
Tortoise shell, crystal, and red coral arc treasures of the
deep.
4*H444 V 14
Put quicksilver on the glass.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
190
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(C33)
Along with a coral pin {for the top-knot ) it is customary to
wear an amber hat-holder {on the headband).
,634) ^4*1-§• ^ 3-t *1 -t *
The bowl is made of steel, the ferrule of tin and the lower
rim of brass, {a Korean pipe)
($ 35 )
^ 4 y-'t *1-i 3 v
Lead and zinc must enter into the composition of money to
to have it serviceable.
(636)
(637)
-f- ^ riv Tj 4T V H
If you have not borax you cannot solder.
* *1 -fr 33 ^
I wonder if he has eaten snake fish soup {black) with a black
copper spoon that he is as black as that
iffil® Festal furnishings.
(638)
$ 1MW 3| * 5HM-
They have worked a border on the felt mat lor the sedan
chair.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
191
(639)
^ ^ {*] §\ *$3, *}=*]
:& *H ^ ^ 1’^ ^ ^-1 i
In the bride's chamber a mat was put down, curtains were
fastened up, pictures were hung, screens were unfolded, a spittoon,
a pipe pan, shelves for comb cases, a box for the inkstone, a pen
case, a mirror, a brass-candle stick all were placed.
(640)
(641)
(642)
(*•43)
( c 44)
^ ft Dry goods.
1 ^ >1 £ ^ 6 1 ^ >1 £ *1
Finely woven silk material is called gauze, thick is called silk.
V $! ^ ^ # 6 1 ^ 1 ^ 3 t
A starched linen coat is gauze-like and cool-
^ ^ ^ ^
The embroidered pocket is run through and fastened with a
tassel string.
"T ^ ^ ^>J ^ ^f'§ ^ "T
Would you make me some cotton underwear.
* 4^13 *1 ^-§-*1
* 1 ^
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Original from .
UNIVERSITY 06 CALIFORNIA
igi
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(645)
(646)
( 647 )
(648)
( 649 )
(650)
(651)
(652)
( 653 )
The proprietor of the native silk shop has beaten the owner
of the linen store.
In a cotton store there are no silk store goods.
s? I *143?^
I went out and tried to find raw cotton in a paper store.
9 ^ -t ^ fj -f ^ x£\-
He used to keep a clothes shop and now he is servant to a
shoe seller.
$ 1 6 1
Palace women who do embroideiy are the most respectable,
(of their class)
One must boil the cocoon to have the thread come off well
He has put on a silk gauze under coat.
^"§* 4- H
The shuttle is on the weaving machine; bring it.
Buy one pound of raw cotton.
%%> Si Colors.
^ t A St f ■W|3 4 - t * *
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
193
<* 54 )
( 655 )
(656)
(657)
( 6 * 8 )
(660)
(661)
On flags of blue, yellow, red and white colors, black charac¬
ters stand out clearly.
-£ >1 6 13 £ ^
The dye coloring of the sleeveless jacket is rather indistinct.
The painting of the picture is done badly.
The bronze dishes are terribly rusted.
^ ^ *] *13 A 3 "t 3
The black paint is coinirtg off the table in spots, it will not
do.
The shoes are covered with mould; clean them up.
Melt the fish glue and stick the wooden pillow together.
6fjt Tf A 5L 3. ^ *1 -*1 tfr
A-kyo ( strong-glue) is obtained from ox-liide.
3$; Dress.
He put on a palace hat, a dress coat, a horn belt, long boots
and got married.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
i 9 4
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(662)
^1
Forgetting that he had put off his socks, he dressed in his
ceremonial coat, put on his hat and was going to put on his shoes
when lo ! his feet were bare.
The cotton in the padded clothes is thin.
^ M £ 41 ^ ^
Sew a button on my summer jacket.
You have made the plaits in the dress skirt small.
Can one make any use of it with the collar narrow, the sleeves
wide, the strings short and the hem all puckered.
M *1 r Hl 3? ^
The hat strings arc all worn out.
^ ^ ^'s.3L^ ?HI Jr
They said that he tied on his grass-coat, put on his big
round hat, took a spade and was goir g off to transplant rice.
jL?H ^
(663)
(664)
(665)
m)
(667)
( 668 )
(669)
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
J 95
(670)
(6 7 i)
(672)
0 * 73 )
( 674 )
( 675 )
(676)
l<>77)
As it is raining wrap up this sash ( Buddhistic) in the wate.
proof and carry it.
*!***!■
These palace boots are lacking in width.
4^ /taj -y- Uj;
One wears wooden shoes (patfens) on muddy days. Have you
put on string shoes in order to run them full of loles?
Have an undercoat cut out for me.
A common outer coat, a literati’s dress coat, an unofficial
coat, an undress, military coat, a mourner’s cr>at, an official secre¬
tary’s coat, a military palace coat are all outer garments.
* t 6 ] £ *£ X. 3. ^ ^ jL $
The Buddhist boy put on his pointed cap and ceremonial coat
and was beating the large drum.
4 ’>* 1 * 33 * 3 !*
I brought a scholar’s undress cap and wore it for ten years.
What do you mean by stowing away worn out pants ?
A felt hat rain cover is blue.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
196
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(678) j
'M
Leggings, wristlets, overcoat, garters, head wrap, bonnet (for
boys), gloves, girdle, flint and steel wrap, even to tobacco pouch,
I have prepared everything.
( 6 / 9 )
(680)
(6S1)
£3 |ll[j Head dress and ornaments.
?1 33 & q y\^A tl ^ ^
*§ X) fl 6| -1
Ear-rings, finger-rings, hair pin, a dressing case, mirror, a
comb brush, a coarse comb, a fine comb, vermilion, powder, a red
cotton pad (for the lips), an car spoon, a decorated bonnet, a winter
cap, a pair of tweezers are all purchased.
She has done up her hair in stirrup style.
Fasten on the false hair queue tightly.
( 68a)
Melt a little of the hair oil.
l^) % a]
£
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
197
(684)
As I have washed without soap my face is sticky.
^6|
My-mind is so dazed (with grief) that it looks as if I should
have to cut off my liair and become a Buddhist.
(685)
( 686 )
(687)
^m DrSIIES AND IMPLEMENTS.
41 mis. if 4 4 -2-^^.
1-4-&
Whatever holds things that one uses is called a dish or re¬
ceptacle.
"§! 4 4 4 4 4 * 4 "9 4 4 4 4
He struck it against the earthen ware jar and^hc Cliina plate
was damaged.
^ i ^ 5* 4ex ^&J-tJ 5
4 ^ 1^44
Place the incense stove, the incense box, the sand and straw
dishes on the incense table before the sacrificial altar.
( 688 )
J2.5.4 $] 4 4
A charcoal cooking dish, a steamer, a round box, bottles, tea¬
cups, metal rice dishes, sauce dishes, a large round table, spoons,
teapot, cups, metal plate; one requires to have them all.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
198
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(M 9 )
3L 2} ^ -§■ aL # 'H
Oblong baskets, wicker work boxes, large round baskets,
stoves, wicker ladles, narrow topped osier baskets, hand baskets,
winnowing baskets, double baskets, small round baskets, dust
baskets are all made by weaving.
(69°)
(691)
(692)
( 693 )
(694)
( 695 )
Me chops well.
The hole made with the chisel is deep.
W-r- ^ ^ 3 ] ^
A tfrill is an instrument for making holes.
A pick, a spade, a plough share, a straw cutter, an iron rake,
a weeding hoe, are all implements of agriculture.
One must have a hollow gimlet to put new blocks on wood¬
en shoes.
Set the teeth of the saw.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
I 99
(M) &*1 ^ ^ 6|
*$***1*-rM *]*}
Among bells vvliat bell is it that makes no noise? Pine bells!
(fir cones)
(697) ^ dL
I hung the brush on the iron hook.
(W 6 11 * 1-2 3
The opening in the lock is so small that the key will not fit
into it
^ A H ^ ?1 V
The funeral bells go dong dong, dong dong. It seems to me
the bier must have started.
( 7 oo) iy e>] 7 ]*je. x]
The scissors will not cut. (i. c. enter the cloth)
<700
It is the first time I have seen a medicine shop that had not a
pair of clippers.
<7°» * 1 #^ ^ >\ a] ^ & ej.
rhe needle of a compass that keeps constantly shaking is not
good.
(703) -a} ^ ^ ^ 3!;*] *1
The horse nail bag has dropped off and I have lost rivet, block,
hammer, horse shoes and everything.
L
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
500
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
<7 '-' 4) 4 ^ ^ 4 U HM
(705)
(706)
(707)
Our folks asked if you would lend your sledge hammer for a
little while*
A trowel is an instrument used bv a mason.
\ is? ^
(708)
(709)
(710)
(711)
A kitchen knife must cut well to be serviceable.
*? -% 3 t 3 ^ 4 ■# 6]
Chop sticks, metal saucers, an oil lamp, a stewpan, a brass
caldron, a wide edged covered dish, a frying pan, a gridion, a fire
stone are all useful in house keeping.
The laundry stone is heavy.
SM g-f f -f
While the man and the woman were pounding rice they
kissed.
See if you can lift the wheel pestle—(with one hand)
If you husk black rice it becomes terribly diminished, (in
quantity)
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS. '
201
(712)
( 7 * 3 )
( 7 * 4 )
( 7 * 5 )
(716)
( 7 * 7 )
( 7 <iS)
(719)
(720)
4 1 ^ ^ SI x| 3.^ jL
f-^ ^ -t ei 2l*u! 4
A native of Soug-to takes a net bag over his shoulder, puts on
his large round hat and outer coat and goes off to do his trading.
They lighted torches and placed them along the main road.
Why do you take hold of your staff wrong end up.
°H- *1 =M 41H
Put mangers in the horse stable.
A stone hand mill has a lower and an upper division.
The snuff of the lamp wick has turned out well—(a propitious
omen)
Ycn-il rock is good for whetstones.
The old woman’s spinning wheel keeps sounding 7 vhing! whing!
'+
A cotton gin that docs not take in the cotton makes a noise
only.
(72O
Wind it on the laundry roller and smooth it (with the mallets).
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
202
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORM3.
(J22)
( 723 )
( 724 )
( 725 )
(726)
( 727 )
(728)
( 729 )
( 730 )
?]**»» 3? ^
He was struck on the cheek by the handle of the wooden
mill and had his back teeth knocked out. (lit. teeth came out)
^ 3 s ^ i $nt
a
It is a saying that a fellow who is paddled has erected a wood¬
en bridge.
Cut out a wooden pounder and bring it.
An open *tcu-kaik fan. {marked with the two primal figures of
the universe) is round in shape.
\\ hen I went into the presence of His Majesty I forgot my
tablet.
Take the maul and drive in the stakes.
hasten the well bucket with a rope.
t-t 3L 1 * -f 3L ^ ^ -§• £ fQ *.
I put the wash brush, the dish cloth and the ladle on the
cover of the rice pot.
*4 7 r?I "S' jL-r|
Bring the wooden shovel and the broom.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
203
(n °
‘ Tyel-'tong is an instrument for boring pipe stems.
ML Oft Musical instruments.
(732) *&*'f***«|*3'5*t'
In the summer house ('having six corners') the hanging bell
goes ding dong, ding dong. The wind must be blowing.
(733) >1 -5 I -?■ 44 «| U
He placed his lute on his knees and struck the strings sat-
reii-rcng-toiing-teng-sil.
( 734 )
^ # tl
Q ik % 6 ] ^ ^
It is said that on a moonlight autumn night when the king’s
eight thousand soldiers from Kong-long heard the sound of Chang*
nyang's pipe on kyei-myeng mountain they all turned home sick,
broke up camp, and king ‘ Cho-pal who was sleeping in his tent
awoke with a start.
(735)
It is the music o! a judo flute that I hear in the distance.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
204
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 736 )
( 737 )
( 73 *)
( 739 )
( 740 )
( 741 )
Digitized by
The wandering minstrel brought his violin, whistle, long
drum and played them well too.
^'! a* Ifr-f jL £ -f ®! ^
Tlie actor gave a whistle and turned a somersault in the air.
<*141? ^ vj. ^
t4! s } t # 4 3. -t U ^
In the procession to the tomb I saw the bugle band and there
were a pair of trumpets and bugles, a drum, a rams horn, a gong
and cymbals.
I saw them dancing to the music of the instruments and sing¬
ing. (at the same time)
He is celebrated as a musician.
$!i ad? Hearing and seeing.
Will it do for you to pay no attention to your own house and
disregard everything that is going on like this ?
Google
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
205
( 742 )
( 743 )
( 744 )
( 745 )
( 746 )
( 747 )
The crystals of the spectacles are small.
I have heard about you and so know you already,
( 748 )
( 749 )
|s§ Vehicles.
4r a) ^ thj t 3 lxt r f
\ he wheel of the cart is not strong.
£ 13 4 2? ^
A noble’s official chair has one wheel.
MS! 1 6 I-§•-§■ "t^
The horses that bear the royal chair are sturdy.
There was such a load that the wheels would not run well.
The donkey was so small that when I rode it the stirrups
dragged (along the ground).
I took the halter and led it and it came along gently.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
206
(750) I
I
I
(75 0
1
1
I
(752) ;
(753)
1
(754) |
I
(755)
(7 5 6 )
:
i
i
(757)
(758)
^*J #v>| 7}*S A) £
A 'pycng-kyo is a sedan chair ridden by nobility of the highest
rank.
^ S’ 6 | °f| k A -*1 ^
A magistrate's wife's chair is carried by horses.
A white chair is ridden by mourners, (lit. grass chair)
I brought everything, saddle, saddle blanket, breast strap,
tassels, bridle, side flaps and lower breeching.
U °l- 4 -f 1’ ^ 0 c f- £ *1 *&. s:
X|-
A pack saddle, belly band, pack rope and whip are all used
with horses.
Mike him take the bit.
Take olif the saddle pad and feed (the horse) grass.
-.rlC PCAYntlN’GS A VO GAM 2 S.
Let us have a game of checkers.
If ^ '1 t T 1
Do not prompt when we are playing chess.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
207
( 759 )
(760)
(761)
( 762 )
Bring the dice I am going to play for a wager of money.
When one kicks the shuttle-cock one's feet arc not cold.
Buy a set of dominoes.
^ f 5) JL ^ #-S’jL 3. it-? 3L
They pitched the double ball, wrestled, played ‘ kon-ou', went
swinging and had a great time.
(76 3 )
(764)
^ c|. e| « 4j 4 vj
( 7 < 55 )
(766)
When a person jumps well lie is very apt to break his legs.
One must have ice to spin a top.
Punishments.
^ * f-f ^ 4 ^ ^ -i- -# A ] 4
A magistrate who carries on the work of the government
well docs not punish cruelly.
$ ■$ *1 ^ ^T *}&"t ^ ^
lie threatened terribly as he gave his orders.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
208
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(7«7)
(768)
(769)
(770)
(7/i)
( 772 )
41 y a 3 . f a* pt 4
They fined him with severity.
-4 44 4r^oi| a] w] f-s-vj
^ ^ ^ 6 ] A
As the 'po-pyem judges of each magistracy’s chief officers, it
is an important law.
He went into exile and after seven years came back.
4 s t k 414 4 f - 4 4 - y
^ "S' vs|
The members of the ruling official family degrade and pro¬
mote officials at their will.
Do not rate him but forgive.
He received a confession from the rebel.
(773)
If you will please set me free 1 will lay
you.
information before
,774) ; is
The government took from the accomp’icc of the incendiary
his rice fields and dry fields.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(775) I 1 ^ *1 *1 4 H
Before the fellow who had carried off the (female) slave had
been paddled a single time he confessed every thing.
(776)
A report has come to light of a secret burial on t ie mountain
set apart, (for the royal family)
<777)
The king’s commands are severe.
(778) ^ 4 * ^ *1 ?\ 3 \ I ^1
The keeper of the royal prison cannot let prisoners go free
as he wishes.
(779) 4 3 ^
j
The fellow fond of cards often goes in and out of the court
; before the judge’s office i. e. is often arrested.
!7to)
The magistrate has gone up to receive censure from the gov¬
ernor.
(7S,) ^1 -s- ^ el*
"Ihey have given a minute description of the criminal.
£1?! Com position.
<82)
!
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
210
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(785)
Please give me a theme I. e. to write on at
animation.
A government ex-
SJ-ii* 5, a* x~
You wish to learn more characters but you must learn to
write them as well.
(784)
(785)
(786)
(7S7)
(; 88 )
(789)
("90)
It is said that one reads prose and intones poetry.
He reads the en-monn book well.
4^ 7|-:£ JE ^ 6| £
Altogether how many volumes are there in the History of
the Three Kingdoms.
4.4 ej-jg. y] pf $}•
As the letter was written in a running hand it would be dif¬
ficult for a poorly educated person to make it out.
Sou ink is not as good as 'chain ink
^ -?• 4) -r °*I ^ ^
c h
I placed the stamp and calendar on the box for the inkstone.
7f\s. 5 .^ e^^f-
The cover has all come off of the book.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
211
(79 0
The space between the lines is too narrow.
(79 2 )
(793)
^ Dftf Arms.
The first office held by a military graduate is Syen-lyen-koan.
-4 i **14 444 €4
In the list of objects used by an archer there is a horn ring,
an arm strap, an arroW puller, a wiper and a quiver as well.
(794)
4 4 ^ 44:^44 £
Shields, spears, shot, bamboo lances, crossbows, lighted ar¬
rows are all used on a battle field.
(795)
(79 r >)
( 797 )
jfP it Repose.
£.4 5 ? 4 22.4
As I am sleepy it must be getting late.
it 4 4^4*? 44 44 4
I have stood so long that the calves of my legs are tired.
$ 4 4 >53 ^4 34 44 4r 4
I have turned into a cold room and sleep will not come.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
213
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(798)
5 4 e i 3?
I sat down in the stillness and looked at the milky way and
it swept down toward the west.
( 799 )
at!
Tlie old man rested leaning on his staff.
(SOO) ff U 1 7 Vit *] 4M T A *1 JL-Sr
The muddy rain does not stop but keeps up constantly
3 ^ 6 1 ^*1 ^^ 3 . y}-*] 1 *|
(8oi)
(802)
(803)
(S04)
( 805 );
The one straw shoe was hung upstde down on the tree.
7 1 *
Is His Excellency asleep ?
33*1*1 Si-****
Has His Honor a cold?
The gentleman is walking in the court.
The lady is bed fast.
<8o6> *1 3 i ^l 7 *) I
The lazy fellow yawns and stretches himseff welj.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS-
213
(8o;)
4 ^ 44 4 3L ±L ^ >1) ^ i)
£ 4^44 4^44 444
4
Creatures that draw in their necks and then again stretch
them out long are the turtle, the terrapin and the tortoise.
(808)
(809)
(810)
l
(811)
(812)
( 813 )
JH Handling.
4 4
The beggar is asking for a handful of rice.
4 t?4 'k '1 4 4 3. 4
They h£.ve hunted and found the thing that was hidden.
44 44 4 4 ^4-ft - 44 4
-§-$J445i?^
The room was dark so I felt round about till I found my
pillow and lay down upon it.
444 ^ 44
Although you dig up the lotus root do not pull the hawthorns.
4 *. 3 .-|- 44 ii 44
Gather up the dry’rice in sheaves and thresh it out.
4444444444
Take this thistle out from under my finger nail.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
214
(814)
( 815 )
(816)
(817)
t
(818)
(819)
(820)
(821)
(822)
(823)
Hang up the curtain round about.
He scratched it so that it became a boil
• Pick up the lintel jelly and put it in the dish.
ig 4f| ^ 4
Pull out the pipe stem.
t 4
Go and cut a leg switch and bring it.
She picked up a laundry stone and went from the inner room
to the one opposite.
at a. 4 .4 3.4
She led the puppy tied by the neck, put the bag of peepers
on her head and went along.
Lift the page of the book and put in the lesson mark,
3 ^ 3 ^ 3L £ 4
The hunter has killed a deer and is bringing it on his shoulders-
*1 *4 w| % i"-g-
The blind man fingers the face of his child over to see.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
r
(824)
(835)
(826)
. (82;)
(828)
!
1
(829) I
(830)
(830
( 832 )
(833)
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS. 215
$ §*} t ^ *1 3 h *1 $
Do not push weakly people for they will fall down.
Block up the opening that is made in the fence.
My brain reels.
Drive off the loafers.
'11
Collect your senses and look carefully at the place where he
is teaching you.
2} jL <at
Dig (the ground) and put in the fence stakes.
4^1 -i 3 H ^ *1
Push the fire into the fireplace.
The shoulder straps of the rack pressed down so that my back
was suddenly stripped of the skin.
14^1 Tj5*O' %&
He was carrying the sparrow in his hand and it flew away-
The man who carved the sign board is skilful with his hand.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
216
(834)
(835)
I
i
:
(836) I
i
(837)
j
(838)
I
i
(839)
(840)
Digitized by
E.OEEAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
I J$|l Tiie legs.
If one remain (in the presence of another) seated he is the off¬
spring of the low; if upon his knees he is the son of a noble
When the youngster that was lame cried for more rice it
could kick with only one leg.
The tracks in the field are hard or the path in the field is
hard.
The man fond of sightseeing stood all the time during the
night looking on.
tj at n* hi ^ ^
While playing at “rough and tumble” he was kicked terribly
and injured internally.
V 6 14**l«*M**?fl*
My feet are blistered; I will not be able to set out.
Of the mind.
2! ^ -t H H 3LJ?
Google
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
2T7
£>i *1 a$
Gladness and sorrow, anger and love, anxiety and delight are
all born cf the affections.
<*4'> ^ ?!) 4 -$• t>} *j= | & wfir
Fascinated by his concubine he neglected his married wife.
<S4» $- 5 -^
When I met the husband whom I longed to see my thoughts
of hatred sorrow and complaining all vanished.
(843)
She lost her only daughter, complained bitterly and was so
broken hearted that she wished to die.
(S44)
^ t £ i 9
He had a child born to him at seventy; a matter of great de*
light. .
(845)
The son said he would stand good for his father’s trangres-
sions and wept and implored.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
2 18
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(846)
(847)
( 848 )
(849)
( 850 )
( 85 *)
( 852 )
Digitized by
*1 ^ ^ ± H % 6 1 ^ it
As I hear the sound of the band music a pleasant sensation
conies over me.
— ^ 6 |
The wedding day of a bride-groom of twenty years of age is
the happiest day of all.
*}
You have given a great deal of pay for the work, thank you
very much.
!m Conversation.
^ ^1 "t 'S 41
If one talks without discretion one is likely to make absurd
blunders.
*•*} I 6 14*1£ VH *4
That man tells a joke well.
A thoughtless talker says many things that have no meaning.
-§ * -f jl *! * 5, -f H s*j|*j
He (sits) silent and does not announce himself, the insolence!
Google
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
219
(854)
(853)
Even though you deceive the thick headed fellow he will not
see though it.
One cannot understand what a stuttering’ person says.
Stammering speech makes one uneasy.
i3 *1 ^ 1? ^]"t
M*
Sometimes he praises and then again he treats with contempt.
t ^ ^ ^ -t ^ ^ ^ ^
(355)
(856)
(357)
(353)
Having informed your worship please investigate and decide
the case.
Please do not be partial and censure one only.
(8S9)
When the old boy was going to get married they made sport
of him saying that he had plenty of beard.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
220
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 86 .)
(sco) 'S H 44-3- -r ^ 4442£.
44
Ask whether they have made an agreement to go fishing.
SMt £444 4 T 3L
1 fif 4
When they were bargaining about the field he disputed and
with oaths said that the money was too little.
ll 6 1 4 44^4 4 -Mj 4
The two’s joking together and then fighting is laughable.
Give that man the Orders correctly.
4 434 “I # 44 *t 4.
4# Jl4 4
One must not talk back is one’s mother-in-law. (of a daughter-
in-law)
41444 5^)444 3 3*4
ex? 44
*
When officials flatter the king, government affairs turn out
(862)
(Mj)
(864)
(365)
( 866 )
(36 7 )
badly.
*44144441 4 w | w|
St 4 4: v 4
An upright man does not agree to the opinions of dishonest
people.
i-j.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
221
( 868 )
AVhat is the use of talk about what has already turned crook¬
edly ?
4 t
As they were talking over some business they got to quarrel¬
ling and an outside party urged them on.
(869)
(870)
<870
^ 4 ^ 4-t-4^44 4U 44
4
Do not recklessly divulge mutters of importance to others.
4 45-4 ? tH4 4't 4 W $
4^444144
Even though I put my mouth to his car and notified him
quietly he would not listen to it.
44 4 4 5 1^433 44
4 6 I 4 -§■ 3t ^ 44 4^4'
6 i 44
In the songs about 1 Chyoiui-hyciug there are many lies, empty
talks, clever stories and pretty speaclies.
Ip $£ Words.
(872)
The hottest season of all is during liae 3rd. period of the ‘dog
days.
• J
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
22 >
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( 873 )
( 874 ) 1
(875)
4876)
(877)
(878)
(879)
(880)
(881)
(882)
(883)
What is this thing?
Buy another bowl besides.
Go and see if the “ syoul" table is ready.
As he is an upright man without doubt he will liold office
again.
But (speaking) of the mind uprightness is the chief, (value)
He is playing and doubtless will get a whipping.
Send the letter by some one going.
Does it agree with your opinion ?
Fortunately I was not caught by the night guard.
He says he is naturally superior to every thing.
I have not yet completely fined up the mourner’s hat.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
( 88 4 )
( 88 5 )
( 886 )
( 88 7 )
( 888 )
(88p)
(S 9 o)
(891)
(892)
( 893 )
«?4)
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
On the contrary he says that he has done what is right.
^ *! TJ § 33 4
You have lost your wife beyond the hope of recovery.
In the present state of affairs a a trustworthy man is not to
be found.
5M£ 4
That couple who niet unexpectedly live happily together
While you are chopping the sticks do not made a slip
Are there any houses for sale in this neighborhood?
Get through with the hatchet and bring it soon.
¥ y «! £ 4 3 *14 t 4\a4
Is it a question of boldly disobeying what your father has
said ? *
® % *i# 4 #
When it is known that he is upright in heart people will
naturally lend help.
This offence of yours is worthy of death, (lit. having died
is &c.)
Come early for work.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
1
224 KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS*
If you should meet your enemy on a single log bridge what
would you do ?
W) /16j.Hl7|-«Hve| !*£
g 6> sty &] jxe^-s-
It was said that the father-in-law had driven away his
daughter-in-law so I inquired carefully into it and it is indeed so.
(397) -52L
A stingy person has plenty of money*
ew *«*1**^3H*N«3
Naturally since meeting a friend from home he is deligli
(899)
got all ready and waited and when the fellow was running
away I stuck the stick between his feet and tripped him up terribly
hard.
f90a) ^ 'S 3. $! t *}- £3 :&
He died from an internal abscess
(9011
H 8
Will work that one does against one’s will turn out well?
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
nSfltr *
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
225
,902) # 4 #®) 444*314
Certainly I will have to buy a small mourner's lint.
(9<>3)
(9°4)
Fkemnos.
As he quickly thinks over what has been done he will re*
member it.
Do not praise your grand nephew by saying that he is hand¬
some.
!9 ° s) 4 ^^- 8^124 4 ^ *4
4
The people will all sound the praises of an upright king.
(9o6>l # f - 1 ^ 414 ^ 3 4 4
A man who is well educated in characters makes one en¬
vious.
£441«-f444
Do not speak of the faults of others.
Why are you jealous of another’s living well?
(907)
(908)
(9°9)
4H 4 4^4 44
*9 4 4
The woman gave rein to her passions and scolded so that
her husband struck her on the cheek.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
226
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(910)
(910
(912)
(9*3)
(9*4)
3L t ^ ’fl 4 4 3? 5 . £ *1 3L in
If you intend trying the hardships of a wanderer you must
bear cold and patiently endure hunger.
^ ^ x ^ ' 1 i
\ ou did not know of the stones in the road and when you
weie running along fell down (but) is there any use of repenting
about it now?
*1 M -f ^ ej-
Tell the bride to eat something.
A quarrelsome woman will never do.
-*! ^ 7 H?4 H-l-T 7 HI
r|.
(9*5)
(916)
(9*7)
(9 IS)
The prefect s secretary embezzled the government grain and
is being beaten, (for it)
I am just dying to see my daughter.
#^t ^ <*? 3-ajsjnf.e}.
Do not interfere in what d,oes not interest you
jL-g zj-
T^ ^ 6| ^ *1 ef.
He lost the single ply quilt that he was so careful of and
(now) when he thinks of it he feels dreadfully cut up
4 f-:* S 3
If One spends money freely one is liberal,
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
227
(9.9)
An evil spirit cannot take possession of a thorn tree.
(920)
He went to Seoul and found it difficult to find the house.
1
(931)
U. Actions.
£ # 2 ? 3L H ^ ^ #T
As he has no shame and goes beyond bounds in his “ cutting
up” tell him to stop it.
(922)
(933)
>\ -*1 C IU 1!
Caution and trustfulness are both right in action.
H ^-1*^^T 3L H ^SI
If one respects one’s elders, imitates what is honest and does
what is good he will be right in doctrine.
(9 2 4)
(925)
Quick tempered people never get fat
12*1.3.
Paying back an enemy is revenge.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
2Z 8
(9,6) j
Ask that they giv r e up the house at once.
(927)
(928)
$3E*H x] e *1 t £ ^ ^
So absorbed in gambling is he that he does not know what
it is to sleep or to eat his meals at the proper time.
If you wish to know a fixed heart and comely speech, to
know the answer to the universe, to know the eternal fitness of
resurrection, then conform to the teaching of Jesus.
(9 2 9)
(930)
(93 0
(932)
it Shape.
The point of the awl is blunted so that it does not go in
The floor paper was very thick.
I mistook the piece of bean pickle for fish and ate it.
Bring me a piece o£ cast iron,
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
iti 4 c2i
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
229
(933)
(934)
(935)
(936)
(937)
I lost one finger ring of the pair.
^ t *1 3 ^ ^
Clean out this stuffed up pipe a little.
The meshes of the straw rice bags are too open.
What is done in secret others do not know.
£3 11 #-t-^
Why will you split the board in two (when it answers)
<93«)
whole.
(939)
(940)
(94*)
| jLS. 4^1 a31
We aic using stringing sticks for the meat and there will
likely be some over.
£ c d ^ 6 1 ^
The rice that filled the box has gone down and left it empty.
The sparrows were sitting in flocks.
^ 3 . £ ’S % *11 ^ A ^
The new moulding plane that he made is better than the old
one.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
230
(942)
(943)
(944)
(945)
(94^)
(947)
(94 s )
( 94 ?)
Digitized by
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
^ A s. ^
Whether the pumpkins be small or large pull all'-of them
I fastened the bait at the sharp point of the fish hook.
3L 3"f ^ 6] 4
When fatigued one sleeps a great deal.
-£4 |g 6| ^
As if is a matter of putting up a large lantern post decide on
a subscription that will be sufficient.
He has the making of a man of rank.
* jL*| 5. 3 > ? $3 4 3J 3J
He does not know the value of characters {tones) how can he
write a composition?
$5 PH A VARIETY
COLLECTION.
He is a man of little ability to plan.
44144 ^ 4 * 43 ^
The pack rope (for a horse) that was tied has broken a^ain
Google
Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
231
( 950 )
< 9 * 51 )
( 952 )
The exhausted lamp light is flickering.
A S f £ 3 4*^ 6 I t H-v H ^
In a prosperous.house the children are born propitiously.
He eats strong bones with case crunching them with his
teeth.
(953)
(954)
(955)
C 13 3. # ^
Pound the building site well all over.
The speckled variety arc the kou-syou fowls.
As they have rid themselves of the abuse that troubled the
(956)
(957)
(958)
village they will have peace now.
Avoid altogether that which is dangerous.
As they come often to see him they prove that they have af¬
fection for him.
One must compound the medicine well to have it efficacious.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
232
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(959)
(960)
(961)
(962)
(963)
(964)
(9 6 5)
(9<56)
(9 6 7)
^ ^ ^ ^ S 3 ^
I took a spoonful of rice and ate It.
The overcoat that was mended has all come apart..
V 1 2t S| & 4 | «| g V
4
The affairs of a liberal minded man all turn out well.
He has eaten all the honey that you had been so sparing of.
3 5.3. 3. T) 4 <*| 44 y\ ^ et
They accompanied the officer to the official inn and returned.
H * 1^4944
Study your lessons with dilligence and then recite them.
4 'ShlM 4
Do you say that unconcerned you sat leaning back sideways
before your superiors.
|cf£ §a Miscellaneous
£4-44 4t4 4
The language of a rake is wicked in every particular.
4$4444f44
Each calling is different from the other.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
J
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
*33
(968)
{969)
*HI *4 31 * 4 4
All created tilings have names.
# t ^ % «i # t ^ ^t 44
When secretly burying a body at midnight on a forbidden
hill they were discovered.
<97o) ^ ^ 4 ^ 1 1 3 .-? ^
4
Tell the mourner not to weep too much and comfort him.
<97 °l
4 ^ ^ ^ &
I have done this annoying work and little by little have got
tired so that I cannot stand it any more.
Do not run; let us go slowly.
( 3 ) yj .>\ :g ^& i>f IJ" 4 jL 3 ^ *1 ^
-§■^4
He asked importunately that he look out a paper for him at
the examination
4 t ^££411 4 4
I constantly feel a dislike at seeing the rascal.
444^444
In bringing in the timbers there were several hundred horses
and cattle employed.
(972)
(974)
(975)
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Original from.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
2 34
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(976)
4
\2 ^ H 3
Accompanying the king in state is exceedingly difficult.
fe77) V §'! k A 4 H ^ H 3
A
(978)
(97y)
(9S0)
When the roads are rough it is difficult to compel a horse to
run up hill. «
4 * y\ *\ ^ e| ^ -a ^ t c f
The marriage business lias all gone wrong and I feel dreadful¬
ly cut up.
The lucky and the unlucky are all decreed in heaven.
-f t u| *13) £ 3-f 58
T
1 lie former official lias been displaced and is gone so your
offence is overlooked.
,98 °
-§ vj
(982)
(983)
T. he chimney stones tumbled down and the cover of the
earthenware jar was struck and broken in.
¥ X A.
\\ hen the moon shines on the water the reflection of it looks
like powdered gold.
U Jh. ^'6' ^ ^ 6| 21 .SI
*3 «! *£ \1 C F
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
235
( 984 )
( 985 )
(986)
He tied the girdle loosely so that the ta6sel hung down and
dragged along the ground.
44 1 3 4 f H 4
String the dried turnip leaves along the cord.
Whatever work it be when it is finished one feels refreshed.
^ 4 t! A 4 4 4JL '1HU H
As you have had a bandage on your cut finger for a long
time unwrap it and see.
(987)
§ 434 H 34 H 4 3 H
I went first to the Hoan-kap (60 year cycle festival') and drank
a great deal of thick liquor. (_/ crmcntcil)
(988)
(989)
444 4 H % 4 £ H 4 4$
He has upset and spilled all the castor oil that was full up to
the brim.
x] ®j 6| wf 4 4 -2.4 ■§"
Tlie hair for the topknot that I had layed out in divisions has
been all mixed up. *
(990)
X 4 4 H*f £
Aside from twins people faces are unlike.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
2j6
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
f99,) !
4*?t4 2 3 4 1 44 444
44-&4#444:£j£.
I have made up the sum total of the account and altogether
it amounts to one thousand nine hundred and ninety nine ‘ nyang *
nine li tonc" nine "'pun" nine %i li" and nine "ho."
Open your mouth, cat this gruel, (lit. let us eat)
•=*■ U-if If* 44 4 4
The knick-knack pedlcr is suspicious looking.
£3444t! #£-5-444
Do not speak of what you do not know difinitely.
44444-#4 44 4al4iL
(992)
(993)
1
(994) 1
I
(99 s)!
(997)
) The sea is dim looking there seems to be a mist coming on.
<99<S)
If you call the roll you will know the number of the sold iers
4 4#44444
Do not break an appointment.
( " 8) i 3444l£*44:!i£4 4
£
I have news from h&me and I ought to go and see after
matters.
2 ) H? 11 4 444 4
ricase revise the book that was copied.
( 999 )
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
237
( 1000 )
(1001)
(1003)
(I00 3 )
(IOO4)
(1005)
(1006)
(1007)
3.4 TL t! ^
44 £ 4:£.*44
Because the bond is close that binds you and me together
we meet wherever we go.
44 4
Sit down in a row; I ll divide this candy or you.
43-4 I 2*44 4^4^
4 ^ 3.44444
I turned the frog over but it struggled so that it got back
on its leet again.
4144444424*4dfe.
Waiting for a person is the greatest of all inconvenience.
fl 43 . t 4 g 4 ^ 4 1
# ^ ^ ^ * 4*t £
The man who carries vegetables on his back and tramps
about selling them is called a thousand proud pcdler.
The one person to be feared is the teacher.
H v! 44 42 ^ 4
There is no power that lasts for more than ten years.
44444444
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
2 3 3
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
I have seen where the stockings are patched and they are
crooked and drawn and puckered and pulled. Tear them up
and throw them away.
(1008)
^ t ^ ® ^ 3?
The branch that was grafted in has fallen down.
(1009}
£| *3 a.a| <$) it} 3L
The palace slave put on her head queue, strung on her
stamped tablet and went' off on an errand.
(lOTO) .
■ 5 } ^
The left and right chief’s detectives together cross-ques¬
tioned the thief who had stolen the royal treasure.
(ion)
Why did you go into the crowded market square ?
(1012)
It is u birds of a feather flock together.”
(1013)
-*1 slsl
The goods for sale in the market arc all dear.
(1014)
As for nic I like quiet people.
(1015)
2}^ \}*149 ^ 3 }-f
Send information to the leaders of each guild separately:
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
2 39
(1016)
33 •!«**! 3*13!
One must arrange to have salt fish brine if he would make
pickles.
(1017)
!
^ Wl SI ?]• TL 4 ^ t '13.
Go into the presence of His Majesty and lay the arc lo¬
tion in the informers words.
(1018)
^ 3 *1 t 4 $ $3
I caught a June bug.
(1019)
t W ^ 3 *1 22 .T
If there be a murder information is first brought to the
Han-$y eng-pan. '
{1020)
If one’s parents do what is wrong it is right to remon¬
strate.
(1021)
4* *1S ^ ^
Since what he did in the first place is to no purpose he
(has only wasted his efforts.
(1022)
c h
Call a sawyer; he must cut some boards.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
240
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
<TO2,) -S-x ^ JI *]4 1
He is off to tell them to bring the compass at once.
(,024) $ 1 * 11414 ^q at 3 *j-
¥3 § Ta"I 3L-§- y-'S'
ll T§- >!
Do yon censure the innocent man, let off the rascal who
really committed the crime, forgive him and take him into your
house?
(,0,5>
He went off into exile to a lonely island in the deep sea;
it was pitiful.
(1026)
Cunning officials’ plotting to injure those who are faith¬
ful is something that has gone on since olden time
*>] 4*1 4 ?f9 #
M*
I lay down in my lonely vacant room to see if sleep would
come (and agafri) I sat up to see if husband would and agood-
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
241
(1028)
(1029)
(1030)
(lOjO
( 1 ^ 32 )
(> 033 )
(1034)
for-nothing cricket added to my sorrow and kept up its noise
till the morn set and day began its h;at.
3 .1 a* H *1 1 'tT *1 #
As he has given orders not to dig up the graves he lias
decided justly.
•f v V S
A wordy person makes many useless speeches.
How do you live witliout any occupation?
3 JX *) vj-3: *H> ^ H 4
A bully without knowing anything of the circumstances of
the case loves only to beat people.
To desire to do what one cannot do is unlawful ambition.
y §6] V 1 P 1 £T
There is so much water in the cfleck that it is not pleasant
to cross.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF.CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
242
(*035)
( 1036 )
That man’s younger brother always dresses an^J eats well;
his ‘ pal-cha (eight characters) are propitious.
^ 6 | |
The woman (deserted wife) that he had sent away for good
he has taken back again to live with.
He would not listen to any one else but did according to
his own obstinacy.
( 1037 )
(1038)
(1039)
(1040)
(i°4r)
(1043)
#*!*** 3!
A prosperous man’s house usually has two or three sets
of brass dishes.
- T * ^ '§"*1 x
Write and post up the spirit charm against this cattle dis¬
ease.
V* SMM TO *131 * H *
TJiere are earth worms in damp ground.
^ f
What one does in a dream is all vain work.
3*1
Behind the clouds the moon shines dimly.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS-
ui
( I0 43)
(1044)
(1045)
(1046)
(1047)
(1048)
Her skill at sewing being imperfect she has not managed
the style and cutting well.
Every kind of food tastes delicious since one has skill to
prepare it.
Work that I have all settled will you dare to trifle with?
# # 6 f H f
Wipe your eyes and see if that fellow Is not taking others'
land by force.
>1 # $«1-f <8-§'■’M *1
A messenger has come from the government head quarters
to ask us to take part in the royal procession.
£ 4- Ml ^ -§• AC 7 ] # ^
In a fishing village weaving nets is an honorable calling.
# 3 3 n 3!
While you are tying on your headband the market will be
(1049)
over.
a. M if I *13!
53*1
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
244
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
( ro 5°)
( r °5 0
(1052)
I have given the care of all the household goods to my
oldest son. *
Today there is a change of office.
What day is your official turn.
What day are you free of office.
(io53)
(1054)
( io 55)
(1056)
(‘0.7)
i# Duplicated Forms. (Descriptive and Onomatopoetic)
In a dream I saw my grand-sire distinctly.
Certain people sat under the tree and talked over the
various matters of interest.
The sparks that fly at night lighting at intervals arc fire
flics.
Fill in the pickles with just a little salt or put just a little
salt in the pickles
u ^ t 1 4 I # i
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
K01CEAM GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
2 4S
(1058)
(IO59)
(1060)
(l06l)
(1062)
(IO63)
(1064)
(1065)
See the spirit fire in the dark woods.
* 1*1
Do not get angry at a trifle.
t 4
A jaunty looking man went along the bank.
4
People who live in the mountains must be solitary.
Pick out the even horse hairs.
He lay down in a stupor.
444
Do not ask in that shameless way for the fan ornaments
that are not given to you.
^ -f A # t *>**1*1
Though I look at his face it is indistinct; I cannot tell
exactly.
U 1 £ *1 T f
Not a great deal of rain fell but just enough to make it
muddy.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
1
1246 KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
(,oS6;
&] ^ V vj ^j*
In a world of confusion many thieves turn up in every
place.
Ooo;
My nose is so stopped up that I cannot breathe.
<oSS) j ^*if 6 1
Ief
The rice M ater is cold; heat it a little, (lit. rid it of cold)
< 069) 3 3! £ ^ *1 *} $*| f
As the building of the house is a matter for the future I
do not know when it will be completed.
(, ° 70>
The leaves of the cabbage are very green.
(, ° 7,)
I cut my hand with the knife and the pain is so sharp 1
cannot stand it.
(.070
-1*^3 ^ i
When coming up the steps I struck my knee.
(,075)
Damp the the handkerchief in the water and bring it.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS.
2 4 T
(i°74)
(1075)
(1076)
(«077)
(1078)
(1079)
(io3o)
(1081)
One must have a prosperous house to become a member
of the Han-liin.
I 6 H? *1 V|
That man’s circle of relatives live very friendly together.
3141 # 44 * 1^4
Why beat the man blow after blow ?
4
You must sleek a puppy to have him thrive well.
In the calm lake beneath the calamus the goldfish were
sporting.
4
The views about Kcnm-kang-san arc wonderfully beautiful.
Me couglts constantly and is so weak that he will soon
die.
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
248
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORMS
(iOSa)
(1083)
(1084)
(1085)
(1086)
(108;)
(1088)
(1089)
Digitized by
^ A? 4* 4 ^ #
I did not know that it was an empty house but went and
called from before the front gate and there was not a sound ;
everything was silent.
Last night they shot off guns tang, fang.
The tide little by little has gone out.
6 J -*1
As the brothers separated when young and only met again
after thirty years they had lost distinct remembrance and^did
not know each other.
4 4 y \ ’g- $-g- 4 tS- 61 >5.
The sea stretches off boundless.
That man's behaviour was careless.
444 -| 4£''14
Come after a little.
f-f-4 44
As he went away quickly I have not told him everything.
-u 4 % 4 #3: -§"5- #i $3 4 4
The flowers on the mountain h;id come out red here and
there.
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Original from ’
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
w
1
KOREAN GRAMMATICAL FORM 3 .
249
(IO90)
(lOpi)
(1092)
0 ° 93 )
(1094)
(> 095 )
(109G)
(1097)
(109S)
Eat moderately.
j*.1 *hj u -r h i n t]'*
Today it is so very lonely supposing we have a road sonjj.
<£ ^ 's' *}■ ^ ^ VH
You have done the work carelessly; it will not do.
I am hungry; buy some bean rice bread to cat.
The groom standing in the gate quarters of the south
Koau temple is awe inspiring.
-Ir Iht- 6 141 £ ^ ®f- ■
The snow flakes come sweeping down.
The duck yoes bobbing up and down on the water.
As the wind blew the limbs of the trees moved back and
forward.
32. -5L &\ ^ ^ ^
At each corner there was a moulding.
«.T
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Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
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. Original from
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
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